This synopsis of Monimiaceae in the Brazilian Amazon provides illustrations, an identification key, the diagnosis and comments on the taxonomy and conservation status of the species. Data were collected from both physical and virtual herbaria as well as from relevant literature in order to compile information on morphological characteristics, geographic distribution and conservation status. Six species of Mollinedia are found in the Brazilian Amazon, including our proposal to reinstate Mollinedia krukovii, and a new record of Mollinedia repanda for Brazil. Mollinedia ptariensis is considered a synonym of M. repanda in this study. Macropeplus was previously reported for this biome but is now being excluded because it resulted from an incorrect identification. Furthermore, we document new occurrences of five species across various states within the Amazon. With respect to the risk of extinction, four species are categorized as ‘least concern' and two species remain formally non‐assessed. An initial regional assessment is presented in this work for the species not yet evaluated. In our preliminary assessment, M. krukovii was considered as presenting insufficient data for a risk assessment and Mollinedia grazielae was assessed as endangered. Overall, this study underscores the Amazon forest as the second largest center of richness of Monimiaceae species in Brazil.