Flora Diversity, Composition and Ecology in Besiq Bermai Tropical Forest of Damai District, East Kalimantan

Abstract

Besiq Bermai Forest is part of Kalimantan forests known for vast plant diversity. The present study aimed to investigate flora diversity, composition, and ecology in Besiq Bermai Forest to support the management of biodiversity and forest conservation. Thirteen plots were established with different sizes of plots (100 m x 20 m plots for trees; 40 m x 5 m plots for saplings; and 5 m x 5 m plots for understory). Data recorded included plant species name and individual number of each plant species. Data analysed were Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Relative Density, Relative Frequency, Relative Dominance and Important Value Index. The principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to determine relationship between edaphic components and flora occurrence. The results showed that there were 93 species of trees (belonging to 48 genera and 22 families), 112 species of saplings (belonging to 62 genera and 43 families), and 48 species of understory (belonging to 28 genera and 20 families). Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') were 6.05, 6.25 and 3.26 for tree, saplings and understory, respectively. The most common family for tree and saplings in the forest ecosystem in this area was Dipterocarpaceae (Shorea spp). Species of tree with the highest importance value index were Dillenia excelsa, Syzygium sp. and Shorea parvifolia. The highest importance value index for species of saplings were Macaranga triloba and Shorea parvifolia; and for species of understory were Phrynium jagorianum. Ecological (edaphic) factors affecting the occurence and establishment of flora in Bermai forest were total N and C/N ratio. The present study has implication for the management of biodiversity and forest conservation.

Growing Site Characteristics of Agathis labillardieri Warb in the Natural Forests of Siwi Momiwaren, West Papua

“…The results of the study by (Pamoengkas et al 2019) in the production forest on logged-over forest areas in Central Kalimantan, showed the average index at all phases has values > 3. Similarly the results of Sofiah et al (2018) in the Besiq Bermai East Kalimantan forest, the forest area was a primary forest that was started undergoing degradation and becoming a secondary forest, which shows a value of H> 3.…”

Vegetation development in post-gold mining revegetation area in Minahasa, North Sulawesi, Indonesia

“…So the index discussion will explain only the revegetation area at the understorey level to the tree level for the revegetation area aged 3 to 10 years (2011 to 2018), while the index discussion in the revegetation area in 2019 is the understorey level up to the pole level. Altitude, humidity, nutrient availability, lighting, geography, and soil type influence plant diversity and composition (Sofiah et al 2018). Species diversity can measure community stability, namely the ability of a community to keep itself stable despite disturbances to its components.…”

Phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of methanol extract of Dillenia excelsa leaf

“…In addition to having regional names, this plant also has different names in several countries, including simpor (Brunei, Sabah), zinbyun or maisaman (Burma), san or masan (Thailand), san (Cambodia), katmon (Philippines), and others (Yazan and Armania 2014;Barua et al 2018). Sofiah et al 2018 reported that the genus Dilleniaceae is the tenth most important plant family in the Besiq Bermai Forest, East Kalimantan, for the sapling category. D. excelsa is constituent vegetation in the Wetland Central Zone in the Mesangat wetland, East Kutai-district, East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia (Lariman et al 2021) This plant is often used for its leaves, especially the leaf buds, which are generally used by local people as a diarrhea medicine by soaking in hot water, then drinking it (Mukhlisi et al 2018).…”