FLOTRAN, a three-dimensional ground water model, with comparisons to analytical solutions and other models

Kausar

2009

Environ Monit Assess

This study deals with the implications of depletion of groundwater levels in three layered aquifers and its management to optimize the supply demand in the urban settlement near Kahota Industrial Triangle area, located adjacent to the Soan River, Islamabad Pakistan. Initially, a groundwater 3-D steady-state flow model has been developed, calibrated to the known observed heads of 24 water wells, verified, and confirmed that convergence has actually arrived and hydraulic heads are no more changing. Later, the transient simulation was carried out with the constant discharge rates of groundwater by means of pumping wells, storage factor, porosity, and observed drawdown matched with the simulated drawdown that appears to fall in close agreement with a difference of 0.25 m. As such, the developed groundwater model has facilitated to understand, evaluate, and to predict regional trends of groundwater flow regimes and their ultimate utilization at a maximum rate of 4.5 million gallons/day for the growing urban settlement. The calibrated and verified model was then used to simulate the depletion of groundwater level, annual water balance, discharge versus time drawdown, and a temporal behavior of the system over an extended period of pumping. The modeling results indicate that, due to the pumping, the direction of flow has changed: first from groundwater regimes to the Soan River and then it is entirely reversed from the Soan River to the groundwater regimes as the drawdown started to deepen.

Section: Modeling Codementioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of depletion of groundwater levels in three layered aquifers and its management to optimize the supply demand in the urban settlement near Kahota Industrial Triangle area, Islamabad, Pakistan

Kausar

2009

Environ Monit Assess

“…Review of the literature indicates that modeling of different kinds of contaminant has been studied by several researchers. Among them most prominent includes Wilber (1980), Copoulos and Sehayek (1986), Hutson and Wagenet (1989), Shifang (1991), Hooshmand (1992), Zheng and Bennett (1997), Feehley et al (2000), Holder et al (2000), Barth et al (2001), Boutt et al (2001), Elci et al (2001, Mehl and Hill (2001), Julian et al (2001), Shamrukh et al (2001), Faidi et al (2002), Zheng and Wang (2002), Andrews and Neville (2003), Bakker (2003), Brown and Glynn (2003), Conan et al (2003), Harrar et al (2003), Langevin (2003), Prommer et al (2003), Zheng and Gorelick (2003), Liu et al (2004), and Wang and Bright (2004). Risk assessments of the subsurface environment often involve the use of quantitative contaminant fate and transport models.…”

Section: Utility Of Numerical Solute Transport Models In Environmentamentioning

confidence: 99%

Highlighting the implications of selenium dispersion from disposal of Kahota Industrial Triangle area, Islamabad, Pakistan using three-dimension solute transport model

Kausar

2009

Environ Monit Assess

This study highlights the implications of selenium (Se) dispersion in groundwater flow regimes of Kahota Industrial Triangle area located adjacent to the Soan River, Islamabad. Initially, a regional groundwater 3-D flow model has been developed, calibrated to the known observed heads of 24 water wells, verified, and confirmed that convergence has actually arrived to satisfy the steady state condition. Later, the transient simulation was carried out adding in the known recharge, storage factor, porosity, and observed drawdown matched with the simulated drawdown that appears to fall in close agreement with a difference of 0.25 m. As such the steady state groundwater model has facilitated to understand the mechanism of groundwater flow regimes in reference to the implications of selenium dispersion from disposal of Kahota Industrial Triangle area. Thirty-five water samples were collected mainly from the industrial water wells for the evaluation of heavy metals. Selenium being the major contributor of pollution has been short listed to monitor its dispersion using a solute transport model modular three-dimensional transport model (MT3D). Chemical parameters related to selenium characteristics including horizontal and vertical transverse dispersivity/longitudinal dispersivity, effective molecular diffusion coefficient and bulk density of the porous medium of aquifers have been used in MT3D contaminant transport model. MT3D is run for 30 years in steady state condition. As usual first run did not produce the exact field conditions. Therefore, the contaminant transport model is calibrated against the 32 values of observed selenium concentrations in boreholes by minor adjustments in the chemical parameter values. The final calibration has been achieved with residual value of 3.88x10(-5) Kg/m3. Seven hypothetical observation wells are used to monitor the selenium concentrations over a long-term period of time.

“…The groundwater flow equa-tion is used to determine flow in both transient and steady-state conditions. Both analytical and numerical methods are used to solve the groundwater flow equation, [27][28][29][30][31][32]; especially within the last two decades, where both methods have been used to develop models for contaminant transport in soils considering the effects of different transport mecha-nisms [27].…”

Section: Simulation and Optimization Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patents on Contaminated Land

Bello-Dambatta¹

2008

ENG

Industrialised nations have a legacy of contaminated land, which is often abandoned and derelict, and pose unprecedented risks to human health, animals and protected resources like surface and groundwater, flora and fauna, and the ecosystem as a whole. The management and clean-up processes of these lands are complex and time intensive, with high cost overruns and depend on input from a range of disciplines. This paper gives an overview of contaminated land, its effects and current management techniques and practices, with references to the UK regulatory framework. It reviews some recent and important patents relevant to contaminated land management, highlighting the significance and limitations of reviewed patents. It concludes by highlighting current and future developments in the field.