Flow‐based analysis using microfluidics–chemiluminescence systems

Abstract

This review will discuss various approaches and techniques in which analysis using microfluidics-chemiluminescence systems (MF-CL) has been reported. A variety of applications is examined, including environmental, pharmaceutical, biological, food and herbal analysis. Reported uses of CL reagents, sample introduction techniques, sample pretreatment methods, CL signal enhancement and detection systems are discussed. A hydrodynamic pumping system is predominately used for these applications. However, several reports are available in which electro-osmotic (EO) pumping has been implemented. Various sample pretreatment methods have been used, including liquid-liquid extraction, solid-phase extraction and molecularly imprinted polymers. A wide range of innovative techniques has been reported for CL signal enhancement. Most of these techniques are based on enhancement of the mixing process in the microfluidics channels, which leads to enhancement of the CL signal. However, other techniques are also reported, such as mirror reaction, liquid core waveguide, on-line pre-derivatization and the use of an opaque white chip with a thin transparent seal. Photodetectors are the most commonly used detectors; however, other detection systems have also been used, including integrated electrochemiluminescence (ECL) and organic photodiodes (OPDs).

Iodophenol blue-enhanced luminol chemiluminescence and its application to hydrogen peroxide and glucose detection

“…This speculation was further confirmed by using room temperature ESR spectra [31]. TEMP, a specific target molecule of 1 O 2 , was used for capturing 1 In view of the above results, it could be speculated that iodophenol blue may react with H 2 O 2 and oxygen to produce oxidizing radical species such as OH x and O 2 x-. And the interaction between these reactive oxygen species may induce the generation of 1 O 2 according to previous reports [32].…”

“…Owing to its attracting features such as high sensitivity, low background signal, and simple instrumentation, CL has been exploited with a wide range of applications in different fields such as biotechnology, pharmaceutical analysis, molecular biology, clinical diagnosis, food analysis, and environmental analysis [1][2][3][4][5]. Luminol-H 2 O 2 CL reaction, as a popular CL reaction, has been widely applied for the determination of various substances [6][7][8].…”

A lab‐on‐a‐chip device for analysis of amlodipine in biological fluids using peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence system

“…The mixing in the SP chip is based on the introduction of centrifugal forces as result of flow folding that introduces secondary flow directed towards the centre of the chip, therefore, the mixing in this chip is improved compared to the SE‐shaped chip . However, the signal intensity dropped two and half times compared to the signal obtained when the TD chip was used (Fig.…”

Chemiluminescence selectivity enhancement in the on‐chip Ru(bpy)32+ system: The potential role of buffer type and pH in the determination of hydrochlorothiazide in combined formulations and human plasma

“…Here, we proposed a microfluidic (MF) on‐chip CL method with low levels of detection and high selectivity towards HCZ. Among various CL platforms, MF‐CL systems provide an efficient, environmental friendly and cost‐effective technique with added sensitivity, in addition to their inherited advantages such as simplicity, speed and wide calibration range . This is because of relatively high mixing efficiency and reproducibility.…”