Flow distribution and velocity measurement in a radial flow fixed bed reactor using electrical resistance tomography

Bolton, Gary; Hooper, C.W.; Mann, R.; Stitt, E. Hugh

doi:10.1016/j.ces.2004.01.049

Cited by 75 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Meticulous and comprehensive works on velocity distribution in fixed-bed designs have been reported (Bolton et al 2004;Darakchiev and Dodev 2002;Boysen et al 2003;Petrova et al 2003;Hsu et al 2010). These reports significantly contributed to the development of possible distributors for eliminating maldistribution in adsorbers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Numerical study of flow maldistribution and depressurization strategies in a small-scale axial adsorber

2014

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Flow maldistribution and local high velocity in an axial adsorber is numerically studied to investigate the potential occurrence of sorbent pulverization and uneven utility. A considerable maldistribution induced by the entrance effect and local high velocity caused by rapid gas discharge during depressurization is observed. Three types of gas distributors and different depressurization strategies are then proposed and studied to determine their capabilities to create uniform velocity profiles. Results show that locating the predistributor in the dead zone is critical to flow distribution. The maldistribution factor (Mf) can decrease to a minimum of 0.055 when a perforated inlet plenum is used with a conventional distributor. In addition, the internal ring can effectively reduce wall effects. Moreover, both gas expansion and desorption have a significant influence on the evolution of local velocity during depressurization. In this step, local high velocity can possibly exceed incipient fluidization velocity and cause attrition and pulverization of the sorbent. To a certain extent, employing methods to control the depressurization rate is necessary. Applying linear depressurization (p ¼ 101can reduce local high velocity, and thus, improve flow conditions. List of symbols a Thermal diffusion coefficient, m 2 s -1 d p Diameter of adsorbent particle, m D im Mass dispersion rate, m 2 s -1 e f Total fluid energy, kJ kg -1 e p Total solid medium energy, kJ kg -1 F Momentum source term, kg m -2 s -2 DH Heat of adsorption, J mol -1 K i Langmuir parameter, mol kg -1 kPa -1 k 1 Langmuir temperature dependence constant, mol kg -1 kPa -1 k 2 , k 4 Langmuir temperature dependence constant, K k 3 Langmuir temperature dependence constant, kPa -1 k Mass transfer rate coefficient, s -1 k t Turbulent kinetic energy, m 2 s -2 k eff Effective bed thermal conductivity, W m -2 K k p Solid medium thermal conductivity, W m -2 K k f Fluid phase thermal conductivity, W m -2 K Mf Maldistribution factor M i Molar weight of component i, kg mol -1 M w Molar weight of fluid, kg mol -1 q Solid-phase adsorbate concentration, mol kg -1 q * Adsorbate concentration in equilibrium with gas phase, mol kg -1 r Radial coordinate, m R Gas constant, J mol -1 K -1 /radius of bed, m S i Mass source term of the ith component, kg m -3 s -1 S m Total mass source term, kg m -3 s -1 T Temperature, K u i Velocity in the i direction, m s -1 u Velocity vector, m s -1 y Distance from the adsorber side wall, m y i Mass fraction of component i z Axial coordinate, mGreek symbols e Porosity of the fixed bed e t Dissipation rate of turbulence kinetic energy, m 2 s -3 e b Bulk porosity q p Density of adsorbent particle, kg m -3 q f Fluid density, kg m -3

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Numerical study of flow maldistribution and depressurization strategies in a small-scale axial adsorber

2014

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“…In this regard employing electrical resistance tomography (ERT) -which is an advanced flow visualization technique -can be considered as a wise choice because of its interesting features including: (1) lack of disturbance of the flow field inside the bioreactor, (2) the ability to provide both global and local measurements, (3) applicability to both transparent and opaque fluids, and (4) high speed data gathering capabilities [13]. ERT has had a large number of applications in the study of hydrodynamics in different kinds of chemical engineering processes [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. Thus, applying this technique for the study of hydrodynamics in an activated sludge bioreactor with a wide range of MLSS concentrations can be very advantageous and instructive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of gas phase characteristics and mixing performance in an activated sludge bioreactor using electrical resistance tomography

Babaei

Bonakdarpour

Ein‐Mozaffari

2015

Chemical Engineering Journal

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“…This limitation can be, to some extent, avoided by the 'best-correlated pixels' method proposed in Mosorov, Sankowski, Mazurkiewicz, and Dyakowski (2002). Different modifications of EIT-based cross-correlation method have also been used for estimation of angular velocities (Etuke & Bonnecaze, 1998) and radial flows (Bolton, Hooper, Mann, & Stitt, 2004). Another electrically based cross-correlation flowmeter uses electrodynamic tomography to estimate the flow of electrically charged particles (Green et al, 1997).…”

Section: Indirect Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Process tomography and estimation of velocity fields

Kaipio¹,

Seppänen²,

Vauhkonen³

et al. 2015

Industrial Tomography

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Flow distribution and velocity measurement in a radial flow fixed bed reactor using electrical resistance tomography

Cited by 75 publications

References 9 publications

Numerical study of flow maldistribution and depressurization strategies in a small-scale axial adsorber

Numerical study of flow maldistribution and depressurization strategies in a small-scale axial adsorber

Analysis of gas phase characteristics and mixing performance in an activated sludge bioreactor using electrical resistance tomography

Process tomography and estimation of velocity fields

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