Flow injection hydride generation electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometric determination of toxicologically relevant arsenic in urine

Observations on toxicologically relevant arsenic in urine in adult offspring of families with Balkan Endemic Nephropathy and controls by batch hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry

“…These CRMs have been shown previously to contain predominantly hydride-forming arsenic [21], so the certified and experimental values should agree well. The arsenic levels found in within-day analyses of Lots 69031 and 69032 (mean AE confidence interval) were 52.1 AE 10.3 mg L À1 As (n ¼ 5, RSD 8.1%, passing t-test, t exp 5t tab 1.052.45 and 152.9 AE 18.1 mg L À1 As (n ¼ 5, RSD 4.1%, t exp 5t tab 0.3052.92), respectively.…”

“…Among several techniques for arsenic determination and speciation analysis as reviewed recently [16][17][18], hydride-generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HGAAS) has been selected on the basis of its capabilities for direct measurements without decomposition of organic matter and persistent organoarsenicals, high sample throughput, and possibilities for differentiation between toxicologically relevant As fractions [19][20][21]. A statistically planned, experimentally optimised and validated analytical procedure was developed for determination of the hydride-forming and toxicologically relevant arsenic, viz.…”

“…The main endeavour for the analytical procedure was to determine suitable conditions for hydride generation in order to level off analytical signals yielded by different hydride-forming arsenic species: i-As(III), i-As(V), MMA, and DMA (AsH 3 , AsH 3 , CH 3 AsH 2 and (CH 3 ) 2 AsH, respectively) using HCl and L-cysteine with batch-type HGAAS. The advantages of L-cysteine as a reagent for pre-reduction of As(V), MMA and DMA in HGAAS are well documented in the literature [19,[22][23][24] and applications to environmental waters [24][25][26], urine [20,21,23,27], and other samples [19] are reported. Its main limitation is the strong effect of sample acidity on responses of inorganic and methylated species, which depend on the type of hydride-generation system and cannot be overcome by standard addition calibration.…”

Bulgarian analytical atomic spectroscopists in the new millennium—integrated in the European research area

“…95 A series of studies is devoted to the optimization of the FI preconcentration of trace elements as chelate complexes in a knotted reactor (KR) and its on-line coupling with ETAAS using various chelating reagents and preconcentration techniques. 73,74,88,96,97 The FI system is further modified with a view to its on-line coupling with ICP-time-of-flight(TOF)-MS. 25,[82][83][84] Analytical procedures using solid phase extraction (SPE), ion exchange (IE), LLE, as well as fractionation schemes were developed for the speciation determination of toxic elements like As, Cr, Hg, Tl, Fe, Pt, Sb, and Se in various food items, 50,51,53 beverages, 118-120 natural waters, 15,19,52,[121][122][123][124][125][126] soils and sediments, [16][17][18][19][20][21][127][128][129] body fluids and tissues, 17,101,130 road dust, 131 etc., with a view to assess bioavailability, biotransformations and distribution patterns.…”

Optimization of a Flow Injection System with Amperometric Detection for Arsenic Determination

“…The speciation of arsenic is mostly based on the determination of total arsenic after As(V) prereduction and determination of As(III) alone. Some of the methods used are flow injection hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (FI-HG-AAS), [1][2][3] HG-AAS, [4][5][6] sequential injection hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry (SIA-HG-AFS), 7 flow injection inductively coupled mass spectrometry (FI-ICP-MS), 8,9 electrochemical methods, [10][11][12] pervaporation-flow injection determination with photometric detection, 13 spectrophotometrical, [14][15][16] colorimetric 17,18 and FIA with chemiluminiscence detection. 19 Most methods are based on a hydride generation in an acidic media; according to the detection methods, they vary in the detection limits, as well as solution and sample consumption and the expense of the analysis itself.…”