Flow Injection Methods of Analysis for Waters. I. Inorganic Species

Danet, Andrei Florin; Cheregi, Mihaela Carmen; Calatayud, J. Martı́nez; Mateo, J. V. García; Enein, Hassan Y. Aboul

doi:10.1080/20014091076749

Cited by 30 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Determination of these species can be performed by wet chemical methods [12], gravimetry [13], potentiometry [14], flow-injection analysis [15], atomic spectroscopy [16,17], ion chromatography [2] and electrophoretic methods in capillary [5,18,19] and microchip [20] formats. Of increasing interest is the use of portable and field-deployable instrumentation for these analyses so that the distance between sample collection and analysis can be minimised.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of inorganic ions in post‐blast explosive residues using portable CE instrumentation and capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection

et al. 2008

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Novel CE methods have been developed on portable instrumentation adapted to accommodate a capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detector for the separation and sensitive detection of inorganic anions and cations in post-blast explosive residues from homemade inorganic explosive devices. The methods presented combine sensitivity and speed of analysis for the wide range of inorganic ions used in this study. Separate methods were employed for the separation of anions and cations. The anion separation method utilised a low conductivity 70 mM Tris/70 mM CHES aqueous electrolyte (pH 8.6) with a 90 cm capillary coated with hexadimethrine bromide to reverse the EOF. Fifteen anions could be baseline separated in 7 min with detection limits in the range 27-240 mg/L. A selection of ten anions deemed most important in this application could be separated in 45 s on a shorter capillary (30.6 cm) using the same electrolyte. The cation separation method was performed on a 73 cm length of fused-silica capillary using an electrolyte system composed of 10 mM histidine and 50 mM acetic acid, at pH 4.2. The addition of the complexants, 1 mM hydroxyisobutyric acid and 0.7 mM 18-crown-6 ether, enhanced selectivity and allowed the separation of eleven inorganic cations in under 7 min with detection limits in the range 31-240 mg/L. The developed methods were successfully field tested on post-blast residues obtained from the controlled detonation of homemade explosive devices. Results were verified using ion chromatographic analyses of the same samples.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of inorganic ions in post‐blast explosive residues using portable CE instrumentation and capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection

et al. 2008

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“…10 Recently, solid-phase extraction (SPE) technique has become increasingly popular in compared with the more traditional liquid-liquid extraction methods. 11 SPE shows several major advantages over the classical liquid-liquid extraction technique. These include (i) the fast, simple and direct sample application in very small size (micro liter volume) without any sample loss; (ii) higher preconcentration factor; (iii) rapid phase separation; (iv) the ability of combination with different detection techniques in the form of on-line or off-line mode and finally (v) time and cost saving.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Preconcentration of Rare Earth Elements on Silica Gel Loaded with 1-Phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoylpyrazol-5-one Prior to Their Determination by ICP-AES

Liang

Chen

2005

ANAL. SCI.

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Sensitive, fast, reproducible, simple and accurate analytical methods are required for the determination of trace elements in geological, biological and environmental samples. The direct determination of extremely low concentrations of the required trace elements by modern atomic spectroscopic methods, such as atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) is often difficult.1 The limitations are not only associated with the insufficient sensitivity of these techniques but also with matrix interference. For this reason, the preliminary separation and preconcentration of trace elements from the matrix are often required. 2,3 The most widely used techniques for the separation and preconcentration of trace elements include liquid-liquid extraction, 4 solid-phase extraction, 5,6 coprecipitation, 7 ionexchange, 8 floatation 9 and electrochemical deposition. 10 Recently, solid-phase extraction (SPE) technique has become increasingly popular in compared with the more traditional liquid-liquid extraction methods. 11 SPE shows several major advantages over the classical liquid-liquid extraction technique. These include (i) the fast, simple and direct sample application in very small size (micro liter volume) without any sample loss; (ii) higher preconcentration factor; (iii) rapid phase separation; (iv) the ability of combination with different detection techniques in the form of on-line or off-line mode and finally (v) time and cost saving. The choice of solid-phase adsorbents is a decisive factor that affects analytical sensitivity and selectivity. The main requirements with respect to substances to be used as solid-phase extraction sorbents are as follows: possibility of extracting a large number of elements over a wide pH range, fast and quantitative sorption and elution, high capacity, regenerability and accessibility. Numerous substances have been proposed and applied as solid-phase extractants, such as chelating resins, metal oxides, polyurethane foam, active carbon, cellulose and microorganisms.The chelating resins are frequently used in analytical chemistry for preconcentration of metal ions and for their separation from interfering constituents prior to the determination by an instrumental method, because of their high selectivity and capability of binding metals through groups attached to the support. The multiple coordination of metal ion on chelating resin makes it particularly useful for the collection of polyvalent metal ions. The chelating resins are mainly prepared by immobilization of ligands on various supports. Due to its high mechanical strength, good porosity, hydrophilicity, swelling stability and eco-friendliness, silica gel is an attractive support for designing chelating resins.12,13 The surface of free silica gel acts as a weak cation exchanger via its silianol groups. Its functionalization by organic complexing agents either chemically 14 or physically 15 greatly enhances the metal ion sorption capacity or improves its selectivity for...

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“…Nesse contexto, a análise por injeção em fluxo, FIA -Flow Injection Analysis, tem sido explorada com sucesso na análise de grande diversidade de substâncias, proporcionando várias vantagens, tais como, uso de instrumentação versátil, baixo custo dos componentes do sistema, elevada frequência de amostragem, consumo reduzido de reagentes e amostras e, consequentemente, redução na geração de resíduos. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Além disto, o sistema FIA pode ser automatizado, minimizando os riscos de intoxicação do analista devido a uma menor exposição aos reagentes e amostras em comparação aos procedimentos manuais. Os primeiros trabalhos empregando FIA foram propostos por Rüzicka e Hansen, em 1975, como um novo conceito de análises químicas.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Análise por injeção em fluxo com detecção amperométrica de múltiplos pulsos: potencialidades e aplicações

Santos¹,

Gimenes²,

Richter³

et al. 2011

Quím. Nova

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Recebido em 29/11/10; aceito em 15/3/11; publicado na web em 5/5/11 FLOW INJECTION ANALYSIS WITH MULTIPLE PULSE AMPEROMETRIC DETECTION: POTENTIALITIES AND APPLICATIONS. The potentialities and applications of the Multiple Pulse Amperometric detection (MPA) coupled with Flow Injection Analysis (FIA) are evaluated. Important aspects as cleaning and activation of electrode surface, indirect and simultaneous analysis of electroactive compounds and the use of the internal standard method for quantifications utilizing FIA-MPA are presented. The main parameters concerning the detection of electroactive analytes by multiple pulse amperometric detection in flowing solutions were also discussed. In addition, aspects such as flow rate, sample volume, application time of the potential pulses and instrumentation necessary for implementing of the method were also addressed.Keywords: electrochemical detection; multiple pulse amperometry; flow injection analysis. INTRODUÇÃOO desenvolvimento de métodos analíticos que combinam menor tempo de análise, maior sensibilidade e seletividade, simplicidade de manuseio, baixo custo e potencialidade adequada para automação constitui-se num campo de pesquisa amplo e em constante expansão na área de Química Analítica. Nesse contexto, a análise por injeção em fluxo, FIA -Flow Injection Analysis, tem sido explorada com sucesso na análise de grande diversidade de substâncias, proporcionando várias vantagens, tais como, uso de instrumentação versátil, baixo custo dos componentes do sistema, elevada frequência de amostragem, consumo reduzido de reagentes e amostras e, consequentemente, redução na geração de resíduos. 1-7 Além disto, o sistema FIA pode ser automatizado, minimizando os riscos de intoxicação do analista devido a uma menor exposição aos reagentes e amostras em comparação aos procedimentos manuais. Os primeiros trabalhos empregando FIA foram propostos por Rüzicka e Hansen, em 1975, como um novo conceito de análises químicas. 8,9 No primeiro artigo, os autores descrevem o sistema FIA acoplado a detectores de absorção molecular. 8 Três anos depois, os mesmos autores fazem uma revisão sobre os dez trabalhos que haviam desenvolvido anteriormente, abordando a teoria e as tendências da técnica. 9 Posteriormente, uma diversidade de técnicas foram exploradas, cabendo destacar a absorção atômica, 10,11 fluorescência, 12,13 quimiluminescência, 14,15 potenciometria, 16,17 voltametria, 18,19 amperometria, 20,21 entre outros.A detecção eletroquímica pode oferecer vantagens frente a outros sistemas de detecção, como baixo custo de instrumentação, simplicidade de aplicação e minimização de etapas de preparação de amostras. 3,[22][23][24][25] Adicionalmente, diversas espécies a serem analisadas podem ser pré-concentradas sobre eletrodos, tanto por processos de adsorção como por eletrodeposição. Os detectores eletroquímicos mais utilizados em sistemas em fluxo são os amperométricos, que foram adotados em grande parte dos trabalhos descritos na literatura. 3 Nesta técnica, o eletrodo de trabalho (ou se...

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Flow Injection Methods of Analysis for Waters. I. Inorganic Species

Cited by 30 publications

References 19 publications

Identification of inorganic ions in post‐blast explosive residues using portable CE instrumentation and capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection

Identification of inorganic ions in post‐blast explosive residues using portable CE instrumentation and capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection

Preconcentration of Rare Earth Elements on Silica Gel Loaded with 1-Phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoylpyrazol-5-one Prior to Their Determination by ICP-AES

Análise por injeção em fluxo com detecção amperométrica de múltiplos pulsos: potencialidades e aplicações

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