Flow injection systems with inductively-coupled argon plasma atomic emission spectrometry

Flow injection calibration methods for atomic absorption spectrometry

“…Tyson and Idris [12,13] have discussed the characteristics of the instrument response curve and'demonstrated the feasibility of the flow injection analogue of the standard addition method; they proposed the use of a concentration gradient.generate � ·by flow injection as the basis of a single-standard calibration method. Greenfield [14] has demonstrated that these ideas are also workable with an inductively-coupled plasma instrument whose use has also been described by Jacintha et al [15]. Recently, the hydride generation reaction has been adapted to a flow injection manifold by Astrom [ 16] , for the determination of bismuth.…”

On-line pre-concentration of refractory elements for atomiser, source, inductively coupled plasmas in atomic fluorescence spectrometry (ASIA)

“…The retention of tungsten, molybdenum, zirconium and vanadium falls after loading 3000, 700, 550 and 500 µg m1-1 of these elements, respectively. The retention efficiency calculations were made as recommended by Jacin tho et al 16 Four types of eluents for eluting the retained metal species were investigated. It was found that nitric acid and hydro chloric acid at concentrations up to 4.0 M were less effective than ammonia solutions in eluting retained metal species from the resin column.…”

Flow Analysis: Looking Back and Forward

“…1 Brazilian researchers have effectively contributed to the inception and development of flow injection analysis (FIA), 5 the most successful approach involving unsegmented flows, and the main Brazilian contributions were critically discussed some years ago. 6 The innovations encompassed novel flow approaches (e.g., merging zones, 7 zone trapping, 8 zone sampling, 9 monosegmented flow analysis, 10 multicommutation, 11 and flow-batch analysis), 12 as well as the pioneering coupling to different detection techniques (e.g., flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), 13 inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES), 14 turbidimetry 15 and enthalpimetry) 16 and processes (e.g., ion-exchange 17 and liquid-liquid extraction). 18 More recent advances include new alternatives for miniaturization (micro-FIA 19 and micro-flow batch analyzers), 20 exploitation of detection by digital images, 21 as well as stepwise elution in sequential injection chromatography.…”