“Flower Power” Tractor Fuel Testing Program 1981-1987

Ziejewski, Mariusz; Kaufman, Kenton R.; Pratt, George L.; Walter, J F; Aakre, Paul; German, Thomas J.; Waller, Peter H.; Derry, John

doi:10.4271/932476

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 1 publication

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“…0.921-0.924 g/cm 3 were considered in case of marine oils as their values were elevated as compared to the standard range reported (Ibeto et al 2012 and;Kywe and Oo 2009). However, the higher viscosity of oils tends to cause problems including incomplete combustion and particulate matter emissions, when used directly in diesel engines (Fort and Blumberg 1982;Ziejewski et al 1993).…”

Section: Specific Gravitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative analysis of biodiesel produced by acidic transesterification of lipid extracted from oleaginous yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides

et al. 2018

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This study investigated the potential of oleaginous yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides strain (ATCC20409) for the sustainable production of microbial lipids as biodiesel feedstock and other economically important fatty acids in comparison to algal or plant-based biodiesel. The strain exhibited high lipid content (76% of dry cell weight biomass) through consolidated bioprocessing which was transesterified to produce biodiesel. Physico-chemical properties of the biodiesel produced showed that they were in accordance with ASTM standards, although few parameters such as acid value, calorific value and free fatty acid value differed to some extent, as also reported in plant-based/microalgal biodiesel. Fatty acid methyl esters analysis of biodiesel showed 50.18% unsaturated fatty acid and 49.81% saturated fatty acid. Total content of (monounsaturated fatty acid) MUFA was higher than (polyunsaturated fatty acid) PUFA, being 44.36% and 2.69%, respectively. Considering the yield and cost, lipid extracted from R. toruloides may become a promising alternative feed in biodiesel production.

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Section: Specific Gravitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative analysis of biodiesel produced by acidic transesterification of lipid extracted from oleaginous yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides

et al. 2018

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Marine Oils as Potential Feedstock for Biodiesel Production: Physicochemical Characterization

Dave¹,

Ramakrishnan²,

Trenholm³

et al. 2014

J Bioprocess Biotech

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Physico-chemical characteristics of four crude marine oils including farmed salmon, seal, cod liver and wild salmon are compared and interpreted with regard to their suitability as biodiesel feedstock. The physico-chemical properties including specific gravity, pH, ash content, acid value, iodine value, saponification value, p-anisidine value, peroxide value, TOTOX value, free fatty acid, flash point, kinematic viscosity, refractive index, lipid classes and fatty acid classification of all four marine oils were evaluated. The characterized marine oils were pale yellow to orange in color and stable in the liquid state at room temperature. The pH (6.5-6.8) values of all oils were neutral. The specific gravity (0.921-0.924 g/cm 3), water content (179-325 ppm), ash content (0.0027-0.00455%), free fatty acids (0.03-1.23%), acid value (0.057-0.771 mg KOH/g), peroxide value (5.13-9.17 meq O 2 /kg oil) and p-anisidine value (3.36-9.67) of all oils were within recommended limits except for higher water content in the seal oil (689 ppm), higher acid value in farmed salmon (2.441 mg KOH/g) and seal oil (0.958 mg KOH/g) and higher iodine value (116-139.15 g I 2 /100 g). A drying step needs to be implemented for the removal of water as it can lead to corrosion of internal combustion engine components. Due to higher iodine values, all the oils were drying oils except farmed salmon oil which was semidrying oil and susceptible to become rancid which causes reduction of pour point of biodiesel produced in the absence of antioxidant. All four marine oils were more likely to polymerize in the heat of the engine if used directly without transesterification. Flash point of all marine oils were above 200°C so, there is no risk of fire outbreaks in case of accidents. Due to higher triacylglycerol (81-93%) content, all the marine oils are suitable as a feedstock for biodiesel production via transesterification. Cod liver (14.72%) and wild salmon oil (9.92%) were rich in polar lipids while the farmed salmon (2.43%) and wild salmon (2.43%) were low in polar lipids. The phospholipids (1.21-1.67%) were higher than the recommended limit of ≤10 ppm so degumming process is required prior to biodiesel production. All the marine oils in this study have a high degree of unsaturation and polyunsaturated fatty acids and therefore the biodiesel produced from all oils will have less oxidation stability and result in the precipitation of the biodiesel components in a fuel feeding system or combustion chamber. Therefore, it is essential to stabilize the oil using an antioxidant immediately after extraction/production to obtain a high quality biofuel.

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“Flower Power” Tractor Fuel Testing Program 1981-1987

Cited by 2 publications

References 1 publication

Comparative analysis of biodiesel produced by acidic transesterification of lipid extracted from oleaginous yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides

Comparative analysis of biodiesel produced by acidic transesterification of lipid extracted from oleaginous yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides

Marine Oils as Potential Feedstock for Biodiesel Production: Physicochemical Characterization

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