Fluid and protein secretion by the submandibular glands of weanling rats in response to various agonists

Baba, Atsuko; Taniguchi, Koki; Motokawa, Wataru; Abe, Kimio

doi:10.1016/0003-9969(94)90082-5

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In the 9 patients with secondary SS, 18 of the 62 salivary proteins analyzed (29%) were identifiable in a significantly lower percentage of secondary SS patients than in the controls, 2 (IB-1 and statherin) showed significantly lower levels than in the controls, and 3 (IB-6, P-B Des [1][2][3][4] , and ␤-defensin 2) were identifiable in a significantly higher percentage of secondary SS patients than in the controls.…”

Section: Frequencies and Levels Of Salivary Gland Proteins In Primarymentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Among cholinergic agonists, studies in rats have shown that pilocarpine is the most effective for protein secretion (1) and has mild ␤-adrenergic stimulatory properties; however, few data in humans have been reported. Pilocarpine has been shown to improve symptoms of oral dryness and to increase salivary output in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) (2), a chronic autoimmune disorder of the exocrine glands with associated lymphocytic infiltrates and consequent dryness of the mouth and eyes (3).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Proteomic study of salivary peptides and proteins in patients with Sjögren's syndrome before and after pilocarpine treatment

Peluso¹,

Santis²,

Inzitari³

et al. 2007

Arthritis & Rheumatism

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Objective. To investigate the effect of pilocarpine on the salivary peptide and protein profile in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) and to study the differences between patients with primary SS, patients with SS associated with other rheumatic diseases, and healthy control subjects.Methods. Saliva specimens were obtained from 9 primary SS patients, 9 secondary SS patients, and 10 healthy controls. Samples were analyzed for levels of 62 different salivary proteins using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry using a spectrometer equipped with an electrospray ionization source. In 6 of the primary SS patients, saliva was collected at 30 minutes, 60 minutes, and 24 hours after taking 5 mg of pilocarpine.Results. Before pilocarpine, ϳ60% of salivary proteins in samples from primary SS patients were not identifiable or showed lower levels than those in healthy controls. After 30-60 minutes following pilocarpine treatment, approximately one-third of the less represented proteins was found in a similar percentage of primary SS patients and controls. Almost all of the proteins that were detectable at lower levels in primary SS patients compared with controls reached levels similar to those in controls at 30-60 minutes after pilocarpine. The parotid gland proteins had the best response to pilocarpine. Primary SS patients were characterized by higher ␣-defensin 1 levels and by the presence of ␤-defensin 2. Secondary SS patients showed an intermediate protein profile between that of the primary SS patients and the controls. Conclusion. Pilocarpine partially restored the levels and numbers of identifiable proteins in saliva from patients with primary SS. Higher levels of ␣-defensin 1 and the presence of ␤-defensin 2 in the saliva of patients with primary SS could be markers of oral inflammation in this patient group.Saliva is a complex fluid composed of a variety of electrolytes, metabolites, nucleotides, polynucleotides, and proteins. This fluid plays an important role in the maintenance of oral health. The rate of salivary protein secretion is controlled mainly by noradrenaline, which is released from the sympathetic terminals and acts through the ␤-adrenergic receptors. The rate of fluid and electrolyte secretion is controlled by acetylcholine, which is released from the parasympathetic terminals and acts through the muscarinic cholinergic receptors.A large number of systemic agents have been proposed as secretagogues, but only a few have shown consistent salivary secretion-enhancing properties in well-designed trials. Among cholinergic agonists, studies in rats have shown that pilocarpine is the most effective for protein secretion (1) and has mild ␤-adrenergic stimulatory properties; however, few data in humans have been reported. Pilocarpine has been shown to improve symptoms of oral dryness and to increase salivary output in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) (2), a chronic autoimmune disorder of the exocrine glands with associated lymphocytic infiltrates and con...

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Section: Frequencies and Levels Of Salivary Gland Proteins In Primarymentioning

confidence: 90%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteomic study of salivary peptides and proteins in patients with Sjögren's syndrome before and after pilocarpine treatment

Peluso¹,

Santis²,

Inzitari³

et al. 2007

Arthritis & Rheumatism

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“…Baba et al . () reported the effects of 22 sialagogues classified into five categories, working through cholinergic, β 1 , α 1 ‐ and α 2 ‐adrenergic or peptidergic receptors, on salivary secretion in the rat submandibular gland (SMG). For fluid secretion, pilocarpine and other mAChR agonists [carbachol (CCh), bethanechol (Bet) and methacholine] are the most powerful stimulants among these agonists.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pilocarpine is a parasympathomimetic agent that functions primarily as a mAChR agonist and has been used as an effective and safe treatment for xerostomia in patients with Sjögren's syndrome and after radiotherapy in patients with head and neck cancer (Fox et al 1991;Johnson et al 1993). Baba et al (1994) reported the effects of 22 sialagogues classified into five categories, working through cholinergic, β 1 , α 1 -and α 2 -adrenergic or peptidergic receptors, on salivary secretion in the rat submandibular gland (SMG). For fluid secretion, pilocarpine and other mAChR agonists [carbachol (CCh), bethanechol (Bet) and methacholine] are the most powerful stimulants among these agonists.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partial agonistic effects of pilocarpine on Ca²⁺ responses and salivary secretion in the submandibular glands of live animals

Nezu

Mitsui

Tojyo

et al. 2015

Experimental Physiology

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“…pulse, and urination that are normally observed in anesthetized animals for as long as 6 h. Pilocarpine has been used routinely to stimulate salivary secretion, particularly in small animals (Dawes, 1966;Abe et al, 1.987;Weaver et al, 1992;Baba et al, 1994), and has both sympathomimetic and parasympathomimetic activity i n the rat (Schneyer, 1965;Matthews, 1974;Tanzer et al, 1995). In addition, studies have shown the cornparability between the effects of pilocarpine on rat and human salivary glands (Dawes, 1966;Zengo et al, 1968).…”

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confidence: 99%

Correspondence of Salivary and Plasma Concentrations of Atrazine in Rats Under Variable Salivary Flow Rate and Plasma Concentration

Leigh¹,

Michael²,

Morgan³

et al. 1997

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health

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The stability of the saliva/plasma (S/P) concentration ratio of atrazine was determined under varying conditions of salivary flow rate and plasma concentration of atrazine in Sprague-Dawley rats. In the salivary flow study, whole saliva samples were collected at different salivary flow rates while the plasma concentration of atrazine was maintained at a steady-state level of approximately 150 pg/L. In the plasma level study, whole saliva samples were collected at two steady-state plasma concentrations of atrazine (50 and 250 pg/L), while salivary flow rate was maintained at a relatively constant level. In both studies, atrazine concentrations in whole saliva and arterial plasma demonstrated a consistent relationship, but salivary concentrations were always lower than those of arterial plasma. Linear regression analysis demonstrated that the S/P concentration ratio of atrazine was not significantly different for salivary flow rates ranging from 23 to 92 pL/min/kg body weight, and did not vary for atrazine plasma concentrations between 30 and 433 pg/L. The S/P concentration. ratio of atrazine was relatively constant throughout each experimental period (0.68 t 0.1 and 0.70 i 0.1 1 for salivary flow and plasma level studies, respectively) and did not differ significantly between rats. When data from both studies were pooled, salivary concentrations were highly correlated with plasma concentrations (r2 = .94). It is concluded that under these experimental conditions, thy stability of the S/P concentration ratio of atrazine i s not affected by variations in salivary flow rate or atrazine plasma concentrations. The results from this study support the conclusion that atrazine salivary concentrations can be used to predict plasma levels of atrazine in rats.

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Fluid and protein secretion by the submandibular glands of weanling rats in response to various agonists

Cited by 9 publications

References 35 publications

Proteomic study of salivary peptides and proteins in patients with Sjögren's syndrome before and after pilocarpine treatment

Proteomic study of salivary peptides and proteins in patients with Sjögren's syndrome before and after pilocarpine treatment

Partial agonistic effects of pilocarpine on Ca²⁺ responses and salivary secretion in the submandibular glands of live animals

Correspondence of Salivary and Plasma Concentrations of Atrazine in Rats Under Variable Salivary Flow Rate and Plasma Concentration

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Fluid and protein secretion by the submandibular glands of weanling rats in response to various agonists

Cited by 9 publications

References 35 publications

Proteomic study of salivary peptides and proteins in patients with Sjögren's syndrome before and after pilocarpine treatment

Proteomic study of salivary peptides and proteins in patients with Sjögren's syndrome before and after pilocarpine treatment

Partial agonistic effects of pilocarpine on Ca2+ responses and salivary secretion in the submandibular glands of live animals

Correspondence of Salivary and Plasma Concentrations of Atrazine in Rats Under Variable Salivary Flow Rate and Plasma Concentration

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Partial agonistic effects of pilocarpine on Ca²⁺ responses and salivary secretion in the submandibular glands of live animals