Fluid flow as a driver of embryonic morphogenesis

Daems, Margo; Peacock, Hanna M.; Jones, Elizabeth A. V.

doi:10.1242/dev.185579

Cited by 25 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 229 publications

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“…The concept of shear stress is widely accepted in the pathology of cardiovascular disorders such as atherosclerosis [14]. Indeed, forces generated by flow are considered important in driving developmental processes in several organ systems, including the cardiovascular tree [19]. BPD increasingly is recognized as a disease of disrupted development [2], rather than simply destructive lung injury, and it is possible that flow, whether of fetal lung fluid or of air postnatally when the lung is still developing, also contributes to development of the lung.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Bias Gas Flow on Tracheal Cytokine Concentrations in Ventilated Extremely Preterm Infants: A Randomized Controlled Trial

et al. 2021

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Background: The objective of this study was to determine whether ventilator bias gas flow affects tracheal aspirate (TA) cytokine concentrations in ventilated extremely preterm infants. Methods: This is a randomized controlled trial in a tertiary neonatal unit in New Zealand. Preterm infants (<28 weeks’ gestation/<1,000 g) requiring intubation in the first 7 days after birth were randomized to bias gas flows of 4 or 10 L/min. Cytokine concentrations in TA and plasma were measured at 24, 72, and 120 h after the onset of ventilation. The primary outcome measure was concentration of interleukin (IL)-8 in TA 24 h after the onset of mechanical ventilation. Results: Baseline demographics were similar in babies randomized to 4 (n = 50) and 10 (n = 45) L/min bias gas flow. TA IL-8 concentrations were not different between groups. Plasma IL-8 concentrations decreased over time (p < 0.05). Respiratory support and incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks’ corrected gestational age were similar between groups. Fewer babies ventilated at 4 L/min developed necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) ≥ stage 2 (n = 0 vs. n = 5; p = 0.02) and fewer died (n = 1 vs. n = 5, p = 0.06). Conclusions: Lower bias gas flow in ventilated extremely preterm infants did not alter TA cytokine concentrations but the lower incidence of NEC and mortality warrants further investigation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Bias Gas Flow on Tracheal Cytokine Concentrations in Ventilated Extremely Preterm Infants: A Randomized Controlled Trial

et al. 2021

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“…This strongly suggests that a single contact interaction between the cilium and micrometer sized particles could therefore be detectable by the lateral line of fish or any comparable hair cell structures. It is known for instance that cilia are involved in the left/right symmetry breaking during embryogenesis, possibly via the detection of morphogens filled vesicles [39]. For a ciliated biological system to measure particle concentrations, a statistical measurement over time of several of these individual events is required.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A bending fluctuation-based mechanism for particle detection by ciliated structures

Thomazo

Révérend

Pontani

et al. 2021

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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To mimic the mechanical response of passive biological cilia in complex fluids, we study the bending dynamics of an anchored elastic fiber submitted to a dilute granular suspension under shear. We show that the bending fluctuations of the fiber accurately encode minute variations of the granular suspension concentration. Indeed, besides the stationary bending induced by the continuous phase flow, the passage of each single particle induces an additional deflection. We demonstrate that the dominant particle/fiber interaction arises from contacts of the particles with the fiber, and we propose a simple elastohydrodynamics model to predict their amplitude. Our results provide a mechanistic and statistical framework to describe particle detection by biological ciliated systems.

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“…From as early as the embryonic heart starts beating, FSS is a critical determinant of vasculo- and angiogenesis, triggering endothelial cells (ECs) to develop a vascular network [ 7 ]. Such is the degree of vascular expansion in the human placenta, that by term there is a ten-fold increase in the villous volume occupied by vasculature [ 8 ].…”

Section: Haemodynamic Force In Fetoplacental Blood Vesselsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Placental blood flow sensing and regulation in fetal growth restriction

et al. 2021

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The mechanical force of blood flow is a fundamental determinant of vascular homeostasis. This frictional stimulation of cells, fluid shear stress (FSS), is increasingly recognised as being essential to placental development and function. Here, we focus on the role of FSS in regulating fetoplacental circulatory flow, both in normal pregnancy and that affected by fetal growth restriction (FGR). The fetus is reliant on placental perfusion to meet its circulatory and metabolic demands. Failure of normal vascular adaptation and the mechanisms enabling responsive interaction between fetoplacental and maternal circulations can result in FGR. FSS generates vasodilatation at least partly through the release of endothelial nitric oxide, a process thought to be vital for adequate blood flow. Where FGR is caused by placental dysfunction, placental vascular anatomy is altered, alongside endothelial dysfunction and hypoxia, each impacting upon the complex balance of FSS forces. Identifying specific mechanical sensors and the mechanisms governing how FSS force is converted into biochemical signals is a fast-paced area of research. Here, we raise awareness of Piezo1 proteins, recently discovered to be FSS-sensitive in fetoplacental endothelium, and with emerging roles in NO generation, vascular tone and angiogenesis. We discuss the emerging concept that activating mechanosensors such as Piezo1 ultimately results in the orchestrated processes of placental vascular adaptation. Piecing together the mechanisms governing endothelial responses to FSS in placental insufficiency is an important step towards developing new treatments for FGR.

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Fluid flow as a driver of embryonic morphogenesis

Cited by 25 publications

References 229 publications

Effect of Bias Gas Flow on Tracheal Cytokine Concentrations in Ventilated Extremely Preterm Infants: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Effect of Bias Gas Flow on Tracheal Cytokine Concentrations in Ventilated Extremely Preterm Infants: A Randomized Controlled Trial

A bending fluctuation-based mechanism for particle detection by ciliated structures

Placental blood flow sensing and regulation in fetal growth restriction

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