Fluid source and physicochemical conditions of the polymetallic mineralization in Gawuch Formation, Kohistan Island Arc, NW Pakistan

Farhan, Muhammad; Arif, Mohammad; Ying, Yao; Li, Chunfeng; Chen, Xuegang; Garbe‐Schönberg, Dieter; Wu, Tianyu; Ullah, Zaheen; Hussain, Zahid; Zafar, Tehseen; Sadiq, Izhar; Bukhari, Syed Wajid Hanif; Khan, Asad

doi:10.1016/j.chemer.2022.125949

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The XRD analysis has revealed the presence of alteration mineral assemblages, including chlorite, albite, epidote which are typically associated with porphyry copper, high-to-low sulfidation epithermal, and geothermal systems, as described by Pirajno (2009). Farhan et al (2023) propose that propylitic alteration has occurred in the vicinity of Drosh-Kaldam Gol area, indicating a distal source for the development of the alteration mineral assemblages. This prediction is further supported by geophysical analysis as the acquired geophysical data reveals a shallow and sporadic network of circular to semicircular magnetic discontinuities and alteration patterns which is one of the characteristic of porphyry deposits which is further supported in places by low SP signatures that might represent a stock work of fractures/veins in the subsurface that could potentially be the target zones for sulfide mineral prospection in the area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Application of geophysical and geochemical techniques for prospection of sulfide ore minerals in Drosh-Kaldam Gol area, Chitral, Northern Pakistan

khan,

Rehman,

Ali

2023

Preprint

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Ground magnetic and electrical self potential methods of geophysical exploration have been employed for sulfide minerals prospects at Drosh-Kaldam Gol area of district Chitral, northern Pakistan. The core objectives of the study were to map subsurface sulfide mineralization, analyze structural lineaments and their influence on mineralization, ascertain the depth of causative source bodies, pinpoint economically viable drilling prospects in the area and validate integrated geophysical interpretations by cross-referencing them with the geochemical findings and information obtained from the shallow boreholes. The self-potential tool served to qualitatively delineate lateral variances in the dispersal of shallow sulfide minerals, notably pyrite and chalcopyrite, by analyzing the differences in natural surface potential while magnetic tool was employed to map the lateral heterogeneities in the Earth's magnetic field, aiming to delineate the distribution of magnetically susceptible mineralization, including magnetite associated with sulfide mineralization, as well as to qualitatively map geologic structures like faults or fractures that influence the distribution of mineralization. The acquired geophysical data reveals a shallow and sporadic network of circular to semicircular magnetic discontinuities which is one of the characteristic of porphyry deposits which is further supported in places by low SP signatures that might represent a stock work of fractures/veins in the subsurface that could potentially be the target zones for sulfide mineral prospection in the area. Structural delineation using horizontal gradient map of magnetic method shows that the area is characterized by NE-SW trending structural lineaments i.e faults or fractures. Based on the analysis of self-potential and magnetic profiles, the average depth to the top of the anomaly sources in the study area ranging from near surface to 22.37 meters. To validate the results, two shallow boreholes were drilled in the study area which intersects disseminated and fracture filled sulfide mineralization within the uppermost 6 feet of the surface, with the potential for continued mineralization at deeper depths. Based on the insights derived from integrated analysis of geophysical responses, core drilling data and geochemical outcomes it can be inferred that sulfide mineralization in Drosh-Kaldam Gol region is governed by northeast-southwest trending fault or fracture systems and is intricately linked with dioritic-granodioritic intrusion, exhibiting characteristics akin to porphyry systems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Application of geophysical and geochemical techniques for prospection of sulfide ore minerals in Drosh-Kaldam Gol area, Chitral, Northern Pakistan

khan,

Rehman,

Ali

2023

Preprint

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“…53.17 wt.%) and Fe 46.14 to 46.93 (avg. 46.5 wt.%) in comparison with their reference concentrations (Farhan et al, 2023) (S = 53.45 wt.% and Fe = 46.55 wt.%) (SDT IV). Trace elements average contents above the detection limit, such as Se 106, As 138, Au 250, Ag 25, and Te 444 ppm, whereas Ni 0.014, Sb 0.005, Si, Mn 0.012, Zn 0.023, and Cd 0.028 wt%.…”

Section: Mineralization Style and Sulfide Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Figures 16f-i suggest a moderate to strong correlation between Sb and Zn, and As and Au. In terms of a substantial positive affiliation between Te and Au contents, the Danyore Valley chalcopyrite is closely similar to Kaldom Gol chalcopyrite (Farhan et al, 2023) and the Cayeli deposit Turkey chalcopyrite (Revan et al, 2014). Based on the fieldwork and microscopic studies, two types of veins have been discovered in the research area (Figure 17).…”

Section: Cu-au Mineralization Of Danyore Valley and Implications For ...mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Numerous previous studies have highlighted the favorable hosting capabilities of chalcopyrite for various trace elements incorporated into its structure. Due to this characteristic, the trace element chemistry of chalcopyrite is a valuable tool for interpreting the formation of hydrothermal liquids in various geological settings (Barker et al, 2009;Farhan et al, 2023;Ingham et al, 2014). In the context of chalcopyrite lattice, elements including Ag, As, Co, Au, Ni, Pb, Se, Te, and S can potentially replace S and Fe atoms (George et al, 2015;George et al, 2017).…”

Section: Cu-au Mineralization Of Danyore Valley and Implications For ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characteristics of Cu-Au-Bearing Quartz Veins at Danyore Valley Area, Kohistan Terrane, Northern Pakistan: Evidence from Geological, Geochemical, and Geochronological Studies

Hussain,

Li,

Faisal

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Danyore Valley area is a new prospect of copper-gold mineralization in the Gilgit-Baltistan province, Kohistan terrane, northern Pakistan. The mineralization is Cu-Au vein-type, localized within quartz veins and controlled by a fracture system mainly trending NW and NE. The host units belong to the Ladakh-Kohistan arc terrane, which covers northern Pakistan and north-western India and mainly comprises Precambrian basement units, Paleozoic to Cenozoic magmatic rocks, and sedimentary strata. The mineralized wall rocks consist of Mesozoic gabbro and diorite, which have undergone an intensive hydrothermal alteration. The study area, Danyore Valley, has yet to be explored. The geological background and mineralization type in literature are scarce. Moreover, the tectonic setting, petrogenesis, age, and magmatic evolution of the gabbro-diorite hosting unit still need to be better understood. Furthermore, the sources of metals and mineralized fluids and the types of mineralization and alteration are also unexplored. This research's contribution presents the field investigation, microscopic observations, whole rock geochemistry (major, trace, and REE), mineral analysis (EPMA), in situ LA–ICP–MS zircon U–Pb age dating, and zircon trace elements data for Danyore Valley Cu-Au prospect of Kohistan Batholith. The current research work's objectives are to (a) constrain the emplacement ages of the Danyore Valley host rocks, (b) determine the petrogenesis and tectonic environment of the gabbro-diorite wall rocks, and (c) identify the mineralization style and alteration patterns of Cu-Au occurrences. The U-Pb isotopic data of studied zircons from Danyore Valley diorite specimens yielded concordia ages from 111.60 ± 0.90 Ma to 112.18 ± 0.74 Ma. Correspondingly, the gabbro rock sample displayed a concordia age of 110.21 ± 0.99 Ma, indicating the crystallization time of the host bodies is mainly the early cretaceous period (&sim;110 Ma). The findings of this study reveal that the calc-alkaline affinity and arc-like geochemical characteristics of the gabbro and diorite rocks have been characterized by a significant enrichment in large-ion lithophile elements and an apparent depletion in high-field strength elements. The parent magma probably originated from a partial melting process of mantle depletion, and geochemical traits are characteristic of magmas associated with subduction zones. The Danyore Valley area of Kohistan terrane is defined by the existence of several mineralized quartz veins, which are mainly sulfide assemblages. The sulfide ore is mainly comprised of chalcopyrite, pyrite, and bornite, with a smaller amount of covellite and sphalerite and significant traces of gold, which are distributed mainly in sulfides. Copper and gold mineralization of Danyore Valley is associated with phyllic, propylitic, and carbonatization alteration assemblages. Metal-rich quartz veins exhibit a spatial correlation with diorite and gabbro rocks. The discovery of several surface Cu-Au vein-type mineralized areas accompanying outcrops of copper supergene enrichment at the Danyore Valley prospect is significant evidence (predictor patterns) of porphyry-style deposits in the Gilgit district, Kohistan terrane, northern Pakistan. This work also advocates the importance of the Danyore Valley prospect and Kohistan Batholith region for further detailed geological studies.

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“…Indian plates moved away between the Middle-Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous. Due to the northward movement of the Indian plate, the Tethys Ocean was closed and the Himalaya was formed by the collision between the Indian and Eurasian plates [ [21] , [22] , [23] , [24] , [25] , [26] , [27] ]. According to Refs.…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Provenance, diagenesis, and depositional environment of Miocene Kamlial Formation, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Sub Himalayas, Pakistan: Evidences from field observations and petrography

Khan,

Islam

et al. 2024

Heliyon

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Fluid source and physicochemical conditions of the polymetallic mineralization in Gawuch Formation, Kohistan Island Arc, NW Pakistan

Cited by 5 publications

References 74 publications

Application of geophysical and geochemical techniques for prospection of sulfide ore minerals in Drosh-Kaldam Gol area, Chitral, Northern Pakistan

Application of geophysical and geochemical techniques for prospection of sulfide ore minerals in Drosh-Kaldam Gol area, Chitral, Northern Pakistan

Characteristics of Cu-Au-Bearing Quartz Veins at Danyore Valley Area, Kohistan Terrane, Northern Pakistan: Evidence from Geological, Geochemical, and Geochronological Studies

Provenance, diagenesis, and depositional environment of Miocene Kamlial Formation, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Sub Himalayas, Pakistan: Evidences from field observations and petrography

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