Fluorescence Imaging in Genipin Crosslinked Chitosan–Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) Hydrogels

Matcham, Simon; Novakovic, Katarina

doi:10.3390/polym8110385

Cited by 23 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The hydrogels' fluorescence is a result of highly π‐π* conjugated derivatives formed by the crosslinking reaction between chitosan and genipin 53 . Consistent with previous reports, 53,54 our results confirm the presence of a fluorescence peak at the excitation/emission wavelengths of 370/470 nm. However, we find that the hydrogels exhibit a stronger red fluorescence at 580/630 nm, which were then used as optimal excitation/emission wavelengths for fluorescence characterization (Figure 3(a)).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Genipin‐crosslinked chitosan hydrogels: Preliminary evaluation of the in vitro biocompatibility and biodegradation

Huang

Lemos

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Genipin‐crosslinked chitosan hydrogels have gained attention as promising drug delivery vehicles. To bring them one step closer to clinical applications, this study evaluates the hydrogels' in vitro biocompatibility and biodegradation. Cytotoxicity test on 3T3 fibroblasts shows that the cells retain normal adhesive properties and high viability on gels with 3.1 and 4.4 mm genipin but not on gels with 1.7 mm genipin. The hydrogels with highest genipin content (4.4 mm) are studied further in the presence of RAW 264.7 macrophages and DC 2.4 dendritic cells. In both cases, cell viability is preserved and interferon‐β gene transcription is enhanced while over‐production of five inflammatory cytokines is not detected, suggesting the hydrogels' immune stimulating property and potential as vaccine carriers. The biodegradation is monitored efficiently using the hydrogels' intrinsic fluorescence upon crosslinking with genipin. Addition of poly (ethylene glycol) to form a semi‐interpenetrating hydrogel is found to enhance the cytocompatibility to 3T3 cells and delay the degradation. Collectively, our findings suggest that chitosan‐genipin hydrogels can be considered as biocompatible materials, with great potential for vaccine delivery applications.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Genipin‐crosslinked chitosan hydrogels: Preliminary evaluation of the in vitro biocompatibility and biodegradation

Huang

Lemos

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Therefore, the superior mechanical properties make genipin-enhanced fibrin hydrogel an ideal candidate for an IVD filler material to re-establish the IVDs’ mechanical properties combined with the engineered silk fleece-membrane as tested in this study. However, the establishment of reliable 3D cell viability methods to judge the cytotoxicity in 3D genipin-hydrogels using live/dead stain was not possible due to the strong auto-fluorescence behaviour of the genipin during laser microscopy [ 29 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genipin-Enhanced Fibrin Hydrogel and Novel Silk for Intervertebral Disc Repair in a Loaded Bovine Organ Culture Model

Frauchiger

May

Bakırcı

et al. 2018

JFB

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(1) Background: Intervertebral disc (IVD) repair represents a major challenge. Using functionalised biomaterials such as silk combined with enforced hydrogels might be a promising approach for disc repair. We aimed to test an IVD repair approach by combining a genipin-enhanced fibrin hydrogel with an engineered silk scaffold under complex load, after inducing an injury in a bovine whole organ IVD culture; (2) Methods: Bovine coccygeal IVDs were isolated from ~1-year-old animals within four hours post-mortem. Then, an injury in the annulus fibrosus was induced by a 2 mm biopsy punch. The repair approach consisted of genipin-enhanced fibrin hydrogel that was used to fill up the cavity. To seal the injury, a Good Manufacturing Practise (GMP)-compliant engineered silk fleece-membrane composite was applied and secured by the cross-linked hydrogel. Then, IVDs were exposed to one of three loading conditions: no load, static load and complex load in a two-degree-of-freedom bioreactor for 14 days. Followed by assessing DNA and matrix content, qPCR and histology, the injured discs were compared to an uninjured control IVD that underwent the same loading profiles. In addition, the genipin-enhanced fibrin hydrogel was further investigated with respect to cytotoxicity on human stem cells, annulus fibrosus, and nucleus pulposus cells; (3) Results: The repair was successful as no herniation could be detected for any of the three loading conditions. Disc height was not recovered by the repair DNA and matrix contents were comparable to a healthy, untreated control disc. Genipin resulted being cytotoxic in the in vitro test but did not show adverse effects when used for the organ culture model; (4) Conclusions: The current study indicated that the combination of the two biomaterials, i.e., genipin-enhanced fibrin hydrogel and an engineered silk scaffold, was a promising approach for IVD repair. Furthermore, genipin-enhanced fibrin hydrogel was not suitable for cell cultures; however, it was highly applicable as a filler material.

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“…Chitosan fluoresces green at Ex/Em = 485/520 nm . To confirm that chitosan was coated onto the surface of the alginate hydrogel fibers, the samples were placed under a fluorescent microscope (Olympus, Japan) equipped with a green fluorescent filter and a camera (Nikon, Japan).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three‐dimensional plotted alginate fibers embedded with diclofenac and bone cells coated with chitosan for bone regeneration during inflammation

Lin

Chang

Peng

2018

J Biomedical Materials Res

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Alginate hydrogel fibers embedded with bone cells and diclofenac were coated with a layer of chitosan hydrogel and made into a porous scaffold by three-dimensional (3D) printing for drug release and bone regeneration. It was hypothesized that the chitosan coating could improve the scaffold's drug retention and release properties and biocompatibility. Macrophage cells were stimulated and cocultured with the scaffold. Tests were conducted to show how the chitosan coating affected the scaffold's drug release efficacy and how the release efficacy affected the cellular activities of stimulated macrophages and bone cells. The bone cells encapsulated in the coated scaffold demonstrated good viability after the acidic/basic coating process. The coating improved the retention and release efficacy of diclofenac and hence significantly inhibited interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α secretion from macrophages (p < 0.05). The bone cells in the coated sample mineralized more extensively than the control (p < 0.01). They also more actively expressed genes that produce proteins for extracellular matrix remodeling, MMP13, and interacting with the mineral matrix, OPN (both p < 0.01). It is believed that on days 7 and 10, when diclofenac was depleted and the concentrations of inflammatory compounds surged, the coating effectively blocked the harmful compounds and protected the bone cells within the fibers. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 1511-1521, 2018.

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Fluorescence Imaging in Genipin Crosslinked Chitosan–Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) Hydrogels

Cited by 23 publications

References 28 publications

Genipin‐crosslinked chitosan hydrogels: Preliminary evaluation of the in vitro biocompatibility and biodegradation

Genipin‐crosslinked chitosan hydrogels: Preliminary evaluation of the in vitro biocompatibility and biodegradation

Genipin-Enhanced Fibrin Hydrogel and Novel Silk for Intervertebral Disc Repair in a Loaded Bovine Organ Culture Model

Three‐dimensional plotted alginate fibers embedded with diclofenac and bone cells coated with chitosan for bone regeneration during inflammation

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