Fluorescent COFs with a Highly Conjugated Structure for Combined Starvation and Gas Therapy

Abstract

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) show great potential in biomedicine, but the synthesis of fluorescent ones with a highly conjugated structure in mild conditions remains a challenge. Herein, we reported a facile method to synthesize a nanosized, highly conjugated, and N-enriched COF material with bright fluorescence and further integrated it as a novel nanoplatform for efficient cancer starvation/gas therapy. High surface area and a porous structure endowed COFs with large loading capacity for both glucose oxidase and l-arginine, while conjugated monomer and N-doping guaranteed bright fluorescence and relatively strong interactions between loaded cargos. Well-designed size allowed easy cell uptake of drug-loaded COFs, which finally resulted in a highly efficient starvation therapy by consuming large amounts of glucose in cancer cells. H2O2, the byproduct during glucose consumption, was made full use of oxidizing l-arginine to generate toxic NO. This constructed combined starvation and gas therapy and exhibited emerging antimigration performance. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed an excellent cancer therapeutic effect than a single therapy, and the novel therapeutic platform showed good biocompatibility. Detailed mechanism study demonstrated that cell apoptosis and lysosomal damage contributed most to the synergistic treatment. Our study developed a new strategy to synthesize highly conjugated COFs with fluorescence and reported the potential applications in cancer therapy.

An H2S‐BMP6 Dual‐Loading System with Regulating Yap/Taz and Jun Pathway for Synergistic Critical Limb Ischemia Salvaging Therapy

“…Molecular gas therapy has exhibited promising outcomes in a variety of diseases including CLI. [52,53] With this ). Limb ischemic tissues were injected intramuscularly with UIO-66-NH 2 , UIO-66-NH 2 @GYY4137, UIO-66-NH 2 @BMP6, and UIO-66-NH 2 @GYY4137@BMP6 nanoparticles, respectively.…”

“…Molecular gas therapy has exhibited promising outcomes in a variety of diseases including CLI. [ 52,53 ] With this strategy, this work demonstrated the therapeutic potential of exogenous BMP6 to augment the efficacy of H 2 S by modulating YAP/TAZ and Jun‐related pathways. Moreover, we proved that the novel UIO‐66‐NH 2 @GYY4137@BMP6 dual‐delivery system could promote angiogenesis and inhibit oxidative stress, thus ameliorating the impairment of CLI.…”

Preparation of Well-Constructed and Metal-Modified Covalent Organic Framework Nanoparticles for Biosensing Design with Cascade Catalytic Capability

“…14,16 Moreover, efforts are made to make full use of the advantages of COFs in their modifiability with different functional groups, 17,18 which allows the postsynthetic modification to achieve tailored properties, including proton conductivity, 19,20 photocatalytic activity, 21,22 and fluorescence characteristic. 23,24 For instance, recent research studies have shown that postmetallized COFs can be used for electrocatalysis, 25,26 water decomposition, 27,28 and CO 2 reduction. 29,30 In these reports, metal ions were strategically modified on COFs, which could remarkably improve the performance of the materials and play important roles in enzymatic catalysis.…”

“…Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have gained significant attention due to their stable covalent bonds and remarkable properties, such as high chemical stability, large specific surface area, excellent biocompatibility, and customizable constituent units. − These unique characteristics endow COFs with high versatility for various applications, including gas storage, , catalysis, , environmental remediation, ,, bioimaging, , drug delivery, , and biosensing. , Recently, significant efforts have been devoted to preparing uniform COF nanoparticles (COF NPs), and the improved tunability and bioavailability can boost the biomedical applications of COFs. , Moreover, efforts are made to make full use of the advantages of COFs in their modifiability with different functional groups, , which allows the postsynthetic modification to achieve tailored properties, including proton conductivity, , photocatalytic activity, , and fluorescence characteristic. , For instance, recent research studies have shown that postmetallized COFs can be used for electrocatalysis, , water decomposition, , and CO 2 reduction. , In these reports, metal ions were strategically modified on COFs, which could remarkably improve the performance of the materials and play important roles in enzymatic catalysis.…”

Kagome-topology 2D covalent organic frameworks assembled from D2h-symmetric and non-centrosymmetric C2-symmetric blocks for photothermal imaging

“…Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are highly crystalline materials composed of light elements, known for their regular pores and specific functional groups within these pores. COFs were first introduced in 2005 with the synthesis of COF-5 1 by Yaghi, and since then, a wide range of two-and threedimensional COFs have been synthesized and applied in various fields such as gas separation, 2-5 catalysis, [6][7][8] fluorescence detection, 9,10 drug delivery, [11][12][13] and batteries. [14][15][16] In the realm of 2D COFs, the topology of the material is typically dictated by the symmetry of the involved building blocks, [17][18][19] representing the energetically favored state.…”