Fluorescent Light Energy (FLE) Acts on Mitochondrial Physiology Improving Wound Healing

Abstract

Fluorescent light energy (FLE) has been used to treat various injured tissues in a non-pharmacological and non-thermal fashion. It was applied to stimulate cell proliferation, accelerate healing in chronic and acute wounds, and reduce pain and inflammation. FLE has been shown to reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines while promoting an environment conducive to healing. A possible mechanism of action of FLE is linked to regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis. This work aims to investigate the effect of FLE on mitochondrial homeostasis in an in vitro model of inflammation. Confocal microscopy and gene expression profiling were performed on cultures of inflamed human dermal fibroblasts treated with either direct light from a multi-LED lamp, or FLE from either an amorphous gel or sheet hydrogel matrix. Assessment using confocal microscopy revealed mitochondrial fragmentation in inflamed cells, likely due to exposure to inflammatory cytokines, however, mitochondrial networks were restored to normal 24-h after treatment with FLE. Moreover, gene expression analysis found that treatment with FLE resulted in upregulation of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (CPT1B) genes, which encode proteins favoring mitochondrial ATP production through oxidative phosphorylation and lipid β-oxidation, respectively. These observations demonstrate a beneficial effect of FLE on mitochondrial homeostasis in inflamed cells.

Fluorescent light energy combined with systemic isotretinoin: A 52‐week follow‐up evaluating efficacy and safety in treatment of moderate‐severe acne

“…The clinical, cellular, and molecular pathways targeted and modulated by FLE are currently under investigation. Results so far indicate that FLE modulate activity and function of several skin cells as well as directly target bacterial viability, [17][18][19]49,62 suggesting that FLE improves acne symptoms by targeting several aspects of the disease. We speculate that the combined treatment of moderate-severe acne by FLE, targeting inflammation and likely other aspects of this complex condition in combination with initial isotretinoin that lower sebum production or tetracycline directly killing C acnes bacteria lay the basis for consistent normalization of the skin.…”

“…[17][18][19] Finally, ongoing mechanistic studies suggest that FLE directly modify mitochondrial morphology and function. 18,62 We hypothesize that targeting several aspects of acne by initially lowering sebum production by low-dose isotretinoin treatment 63,64 or hampering bacterial growth by tetracycline in combination with the anti-inflammatory and homeostasis promoting properties of FLE will clear acne and normalize the skin long term. [15][16][17]19,62 This combination will initially target several pathways associated with acne and longer term FLE therapy will reprogram and balance skin cells and conditions ensuring no remission of disease.…”

“…In vitro findings have reported that FLE lowers production of essential pro‐inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 6 (IL‐6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α) in cultures of human epidermal keratinocytes and human dermal fibroblasts 17‐19 . Finally, ongoing mechanistic studies suggest that FLE directly modify mitochondrial morphology and function 18,62 …”

Electrospun PCL-Based Vascular Grafts: In Vitro Tests

“…DSPCs were fixed with a fixative solution, and stained with the β-Galactosidase staining solution at 37 °C over night. The number of positive and negative cells were then counted in five random fields under the microscope, and the percentage of SA-b GAL positive cells was calculated as the number of positive cells divided by the total number of cells counted [ 37 ].…”

Current Applications and Future Perspectives of Fluorescence Light Energy Biomodulation in Veterinary Medicine

“…The primary stage of such beneficial process is thought to be the photostimulation of enzyme cytochrome c oxidase in the mitochondrial respiratory chain [ 21 ]. Moreover, PBM is able to positively influence electron transfer and proton transportation, with a consequent increase in mitochondrial ATP production [ 22 ] increasing the amount of energy available for the cell to perform an array of processes, including healing [ 23 ].…”