Fluoride bioavailability in saliva and plaque

Abstract

BackgroundDifferent fluoride formulations may have different effects on caries prevention. It was the aim of this clinical study to assess the fluoride content, provided by NaF compared to amine fluoride, in saliva and plaque.MethodsEight trained volunteers brushed their teeth in the morning for 3 minutes with either NaF or amine fluoride, and saliva and 3-day-plaque-regrowth was collected at 5 time intervals during 6 hours after tooth brushing. The amount of collected saliva and plaque was measured, and the fluoride content was analysed using a fluoride sensitive electrode. All subjects repeated all study cycles 5 times, and 3 cycles per subject underwent statistical analysis using the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test.ResultsImmediately after brushing the fluoride concentration in saliva increased rapidly and dropped to the baseline level after 360 minutes. No difference was found between NaF and amine fluoride. All plaque fluoride levels were elevated after 30 minutes until 120 minutes after tooth brushing, and decreasing after 360 minutes to baseline. According to the highly individual profile of fluoride in saliva and plaque, both levels of bioavailability correlated for the first 30 minutes, and the fluoride content of saliva and plaque was back to baseline after 6 hours.ConclusionsFluoride levels in saliva and plaque are interindividually highly variable. However, no significant difference in bioavailability between NaF and amine fluoride, in saliva, or in plaque was found.

The effect of toothbrushing and flossing sequence on interdental plaque reduction and fluoride retention: A randomized controlled clinical trial

“…26 However, in Naumova et al's study they did not observe any difference between these two types of fluoride combinations. 36 In the current study, all the subjects used toothpaste containing Na 2 PO 3 F and the results have shown its effectiveness.…”

“…36,37 For example, while using NaF solution for 30 minutes, fluoride reaches deep into the plaque and this means that even in thick biofilm plaque (more than 1 mm), if given sufficient time, fluoride penetration into the deeper layers of plaque is possible. The studies have shown that the general concentration of plaque fluoride and penetration of fluoride inside the plaque depends on the contact duration with fluoride.…”

“…35,36 Therefore, less fluoride level in the brush-floss sequence is justifiable. It is highly probable that dental floss application before brushing caused food particles to be eliminated and plaque thickness to be reduced and increased toothpaste fluoride accessibility to plaque residue.…”

The oral mucosal surface and blood vessels

“…Collins and Dawes [1] calculated the total area of the oral cavity to determine the thickness of the salivary film covering the oral mucosa. The salivary film is an important reservoir for fluoride [11], and it is needed to moisten the oral cavity; it varies in thickness depending on the total surface area, salivary secretion rate and composition [1,3,5]. However, previous studies did not take into account the total size of the tongue, which is enlarged by its numerous papillae.…”

Dynamic changes in saliva after acute mental stress

“…The majority of publications about whole saliva content deal with supernatant saliva. Some studies have shown that AmF binds to plaque32 and reduces the viability of plaque bacteria33. There are no data about the weight and the fluoride distribution between the two fractions of whole saliva under different psychological conditions in healthy people.…”