Fluorinated polyimide waveguides with low polarization-dependent loss and their applications to thermooptic switches

Kobayashi, Junya; Matsuura, Takeshi; Hida, Y.; Sasaki, S.; Maruno, Takahisa

doi:10.1109/50.681459

Cited by 121 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The absorption edge gives a measure of the energy band gap and the exponential dependence of the absorption coefficient, in the exponential edge region Urbach rule is expressed as [7,8]. α = α° exp (hυ / EU) (1) where α is the absorption coefficient, hυ is photon energy, α° is a constant, and EU is the Urbach energy, which characterizes the slope of the exponential edge. Figure 2 shows Urbach plots of the films.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Nano Sb2O3 on the Dispersive Optical Constants of PMMA Films

Al-Taa’y

Nabi

Oboudi

et al. 2017

SQU Journal for Science

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Pure and Antimony Trioxide Sb2O3 doped PMMA films were prepared by the casting method. Optical absorption measurements in the wavelength range 200-800 nm were studied by using a computerized UVVis spectrophotometer (Shimadzu UV-1601 PC) and these confirmed that PMMA films have a direct band gap that decreases from 5.15 to 4.66 eV as the doping concentration increases to 5wt%. The increase in the density of localized states from 8.9 to 74.5 meV causes an expansion in the Urbach tail and consequently decreases the energy gap. The dispersion of the refractive index was analyzed using the concept of a single oscillator. The values of the single oscillator energy were 32.70, 13.59, 7.06, and 4.58 eV, while the dispersion energy values were 4.36, 49.04, 21.76 and 14.15 eV for the pure, and 3%, 4% and 5% Sb2O3 for the doped PMMA films respectively. The single-term Sellmeier were determined, and the average oscillator position was investigated, the value of which decreased with increasing doping concentration. The value of average oscillator strength increased with increasing Sb2O3 concentration to 5wt%. Skin depth and optical conductivity could be calculated, and results show a decrease in Skin depth with an increasing impurity percentage, but an increase of optical conductivity with greater impurity

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, some researchers have reported optical components such as an optical switch, a coupler, a splitter and a transceiver [1,2]. Polymeric composites of PMMA are very popular due to their low cost, volume productivity, high strength to weight ratio, noncorrosive properties and simple fabrication methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Nano Sb2O3 on the Dispersive Optical Constants of PMMA Films

Al-Taa’y

Nabi

Oboudi

et al. 2017

SQU Journal for Science

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“…However, this is due to the complex refraction of the FLUPI-CB used as the waveguide material, and λ B for the TE mode was shifted downward to 10.3 nm. This corresponds to a waveguide complex refractive index of 0.01, close to the complex refractive index [3] of the material determined by the prism coupling method.…”

Section: Optical Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…We previously developed a constant-refractive-index fluorinated polyimide copolymer body (FLUPI-CB) having excellent light transmissivity and refractive index controllability in the optical communication wavelength, and have undertaken the application of this material to waveguide-type optical circuits [3]. Because FLUPI-CB has more than ten times as great a thermo-optical effect as quartz, waveguide diffraction gratings fabricated from this material can be used for variable wavelength filters with the possibility of wavelength control by temperature variation [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refractive Index Control of Polyimide by Synchrotron Radiation, and the Application to Fabrication of a Waveguide Grating

Kobayashi

Ishii

Maruo

et al. 2002

Electron Comm Jpn Pt II

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SUMMARYSynchrotron radiation alters the refractive index of fluorinated polyimide, and it is possible to adjust the refractive index to within 10 2 by varying the irradiation dose.The chemical condition of the polyimide after irradiation was investigated by XPS, and it was shown that the refractive index change was caused by decreasing molecular volume following separation of fluorine atoms. Using this refractive index controllability and the linearity of the synchrotron radiation, a method of fabrication of a waveguide diffraction grating using only synchrotron irradiation of a fluorinated polyimide optical waveguide through an X-ray mask having a diffraction grating pattern was proposed.

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“…8,9 Recently, Kobayashi et al reported low-loss optical waveguides using fluorinated polyimides based on 2,2-bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane dianhydride (6FDA) and 2,2Ј-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4,4Ј-diaminobiphenyl (PFMB). 10 They controlled the refractive indices of the polymers for core and cladding by copolymerization of 6FDA with PFMB and nonfluorinated diamine, 4,4Ј-oxydianiline (ODA). Although the refractive indices of the polymers were increased as the amounts of nonfluorinated diamine were increased, it is expected that the increased amount of nonfluorinated diamine can cause additional optical loss of these polymers due to the increment of COH bond number density.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-loss passive polymer waveguides by using chlorofluorinated polyimides

Han

Lee

Rhee

1999

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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Chlorofluorinated polyimides were prepared from 2,2-bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane dianhydride (6FDA), 2,2Ј-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4,4Ј-diaminobiphenyl (PFMB), and 2,2Ј-dichloro-4,4Ј-diaminobiphenyl (DCB) for optical waveguide applications. The resulting optical polymers exhibited good thermal stability, controllable refractive index, and low optical loss in the optical communication wavelengths of 1.3 and 1.55 m. The control of refractive indices of the polymers was achieved by copolymerization of 6FDA/PFMB and 6FDA/DCB. As the amount of DCB was increased, the refractive indices of polymer were increased. The effect of addition of chlorine on optical properties of polymers such as absorption loss in the near-IR region were also investigated. Rib-type optical waveguides were fabricated using these chlorofluorinated polyimides. These waveguides exhibited low loss of less than 0.4 dB/cm for both TE and TM polarizations.

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Fluorinated polyimide waveguides with low polarization-dependent loss and their applications to thermooptic switches

Cited by 121 publications

References 19 publications

Effect of Nano Sb2O3 on the Dispersive Optical Constants of PMMA Films

Effect of Nano Sb2O3 on the Dispersive Optical Constants of PMMA Films

Refractive Index Control of Polyimide by Synchrotron Radiation, and the Application to Fabrication of a Waveguide Grating

Low-loss passive polymer waveguides by using chlorofluorinated polyimides

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