Fluorination‐Enhanced Ambient Stability and Electronic Tolerance of Black Phosphorus Quantum Dots

Abstract

The environmental instability and uneliminable electronic trap states in black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs) limit the optoelectronics and related applications of BPQDs. Here, fluorinated BPQDs (F‐BPQDs) are successfully synthesized by using a facile electrochemical exfoliation and synchronous fluorination method. The F‐BPQDs exhibit robust ambient stability and limited fluorination capability, showing a nonstoichiometric fluorination degree (D F) maximum of ≈0.68. Density functional theory calculations confirm that due to the edge etching effect of fluorine adatoms, the simulated F‐BPQDs become structurally unstable when D F surpasses the limit. Furthermore, the trap states of BPQDs can be effectively eliminated via fluorination to obtain a coordination number of 3 or 5 for fluorinated and unfluorinated phosphorus atoms. The results reveal that the air‐stable F‐BPQDs exhibit fluorine defect‐enhanced electronic tolerance, which is crucial for nanophotonics and nanoelectronics applications.

Recent Progress of Two-Dimensional Thermoelectric Materials

“…Due to its unique electronic and optical properties, 2D BP has been widely studied in many research fields [114,120,[122][123][124][167][168][169][170][171][172][173][174]. Furthermore, it has been reported that it exhibits an ultrahigh Seebeck coefficient in the order of 10 mV K −1 , which makes it a promising thermoelectric materials.…”

Chemistry of Layered Pnictogens: Phosphorus, Arsenic, Antimony, and Bismuth

“…The surface functionalization by P−F bonds led to the improvement of BP stability in the air as well as high potential in photothermal applications where are combined excellent absorption properties, low toxicity, and improved stability towards oxidation. The stabilization effect was observed for electrochemically exfoliated and fluorinated black phosphorus quantum dots . For the other pnictogens was the possible functionalization with halogen and hydrogen discussed only theoretically using DFT calculations .…”

“…Thes tabilization effect was observed for electrochemically exfoliated and fluorinated black phosphorus quantum dots. [24] Fort he other pnictogens was the possible functionalization with halogen and hydrogen discussed only theoretically using DFT calculations. [25] Thea rsenene-based system was studied in detail with one-site halogenation and one-site hydrogenation.…”

Solar‐Inspired Water Purification Based on Emerging 2D Materials: Status and Challenges

“…The efficient photothermal conversion makes them advantageous for photothermal evaporation, but their photo‐degradability should be considered for practical applications. There have been a vast number of strategies working on enhancing the stability of phosphorene, including covalent bonding via aryl diazonium, surface coordination of titanium sulfonate ligand, fluorination, alkali metal‐intercalation, metal‐ion passivation, and package by graphene shell, hexagonal BN, organic monolayers, graphene oxide (GO), AlO x , etc. Searching for other phosphorene‐analogue alternatives provide another avenue for photothermal evaporation .…”