Fluorine

Managing creative disturbances

“…The previous centuries have proven this progression for physics, from the description of how a bird flies, to the analysis of the laws of aerodynamics, to the application of these laws in novel forms such as the design and construction of an airplane for example. The same can be said of chemistry, from the description of the different forms of matter, such as the element fluorine, to the scientific analysis of its characteristics, such as fluorine being the most electronegative element known to exist (Jaccaud et al, 2020), to the creation of a large number of synthetic molecules with characteristics not found in nature, such as polytetrafluoroethylene, also known as the non-stick pan coating Teflon TM .…”

Possible Mitigation of Global Cooling due to Supervolcanic Eruption via Intentional Release of Fluorinated Gases

“…Fluorine used to manufacture F-gases is extracted from mined fluorspar (CaF 2 ) and fluorapatite (Ca 5 (PO 4 ) 3 F) ores. Post-extraction, these minerals are directly refined (fluorspar) or chemically converted (fluorapatite) into pure CaF 2 , the primary material in the production of Fbearing gases (Jaccaud, 2020). There is an estimated 5 Gt of CaF 2 equivalent extractable reserve on the Earth (USGS, 2020), about 2.5 Gt of F-equivalent.…”

“…Approaches to extracting dissolved F ions from the ocean exist (Tressaud, 2008), but a close examination of technical details and costs is beyond the scope of this paper. The fluorine content of seawater ranges between 1 and 1.4 mg/L (Jaccaud et al, 2020). Presuming a mineable shallow (300 m) surface ocean with a volume of roughly 100 million km 3 , up to 150 Gt of fluorine could be extracted, far more than the required F mass of the single-digit Gt scale.…”

“…Jaccaud et al (2020) placed the price of elemental fluorine (F, molar weight = 19 g/mol) at $5-8 per kilogram, based on extracting from mineral sources only, not the ocean. As a rough estimate, adopting the value of $5 per kilogram (presuming future economies of scale) and doubling this cost for incorporation into the HFC, manufacturing the compound with the smallest F requirement out of the five compounds tested (HFC-245eb), 4.8 Gt during deployment, would cost a total of 48 trillion dollars, twice the modern US GDP -an exercise justifiable as an alternative to global calamity.…”

Research Progress of Materials Used for Elemental Halogen Capture

“…It is of great significance to environmental protection and sustainable development. Keywords halogen; adsorption; porous materials; metal halide; redox 1 研究背景 卤素作为重要的工业原料, 其年产量与使用量都很 高, 如图 1 所示 [1][2][3][4][5][6] . F 2 被广泛应用于铀同位素的分离 [7] ; Cl 2 在水处理及合成聚氯乙烯等塑料中发挥巨大作用 [8] ; Br 2 被广泛应用于溴化阻燃剂 [9] 、氢溴酸液流电池 [10] 以 及锌溴液流电池 [11] 等领域; I 2 主要用于医药 [12] 、造影 剂 [13] 等行业.…”