Fluoroquinolones and Anaerobes

Stein, Gary E.; Goldstein, Ellie J. C.

doi:10.1086/503907

Cited by 76 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 111 publications

(118 reference statements)

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“…The lack of antibiotic activity we observed in anaerobic sediment microcosms is consistent with reports of delayed, diminished, or lack of antibiotic activity against infections involving anaerobic bacteria (Lewin et al, 1991;Zabinski et al, 1995;Morrissey and George, 2001;Stein and Goldstein, 2006). All these studies have been performed on clinical isolates and pure cultures, but there is no reason to expect that soil microbes would behave differently.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Effects of ciprofloxacin on salt marsh sediment microbial communities

2007

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Fluoroquinolones, a widely used class of antibiotics, are frequently detected in sediments and surface waters. Given their antimicrobial properties, the presence of these compounds may alter the composition of microbial communities and promote antibiotic resistance in the environment. The purpose of this study was to measure sorption, and effects of ciprofloxacin on microbial community composition, in sediment samples from three California salt marshes. Sediments were exposed to a ciprofloxacin concentration gradient (0-200 lg ml À1 ciprofloxacin) and microbial community composition characterized using phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis. Sorption coefficients, expressed as log K d , were calculated from fits using the Freundlich isotherm model. Ciprofloxacin strongly sorbed to all sediments and had log K d values, ranging from 2.9 to 4.3. Clay content was positively (r 2 ¼ 0.98) and pH negatively (r 2 ¼ 0.99) correlated to K d values. Biomass, PLFA richness, sulfate reducer and Gram-negative bacteria markers increased with ciprofloxacin concentrations, while the 17 cy/precursor and saturated/unsaturated biomarker ratios, indicators of starvation stress, decreased. The magnitude of the effect of ciprofloxacin on microbial communities was inversely correlated to the degree of sorption to the sediments. Despite the fact that ciprofloxacin is a wide-spectrum antibiotic, its impact on sediment microbial communities was selective and appeared to favor sulfate-reducing bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Effects of ciprofloxacin on salt marsh sediment microbial communities

2007

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“…The use of trovafloxacin has been limited because of hepatotoxicity. Quinolones with the greatest in vitro activity against anaerobes include clinafloxacin and sitafloxacin (142).…”

Section: Fluoroquinolonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antianaerobic Antimicrobials: Spectrum and Susceptibility Testing

2013

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SUMMARY Susceptibility testing of anaerobic bacteria recovered from selected cases can influence the choice of antimicrobial therapy. The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) has standardized many laboratory procedures, including anaerobic susceptibility testing (AST), and has published documents for AST. The standardization of testing methods by the CLSI allows comparisons of resistance trends among various laboratories. Susceptibility testing should be performed on organisms recovered from sterile body sites, those that are isolated in pure culture, or those that are clinically important and have variable or unique susceptibility patterns. Organisms that should be considered for individual isolate testing include highly virulent pathogens for which susceptibility cannot be predicted, such as Bacteroides , Prevotella , Fusobacterium , and Clostridium spp.; Bilophila wadsworthia ; and Sutterella wadsworthensis . This review describes the current methods for AST in research and reference laboratories. These methods include the use of agar dilution, broth microdilution, Etest, and the spiral gradient endpoint system. The antimicrobials potentially effective against anaerobic bacteria include beta-lactams, combinations of beta-lactams and beta-lactamase inhibitors, metronidazole, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, macrolides, tetracyclines, and fluoroquinolones. The spectrum of efficacy, antimicrobial resistance mechanisms, and resistance patterns against these agents are described.

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“…15,[23][24][25][26] Bacteroides spp resistance to fluoroquinolones has also increased from 1.5-12% during the past few years. 27,28 Metronidazole-resistant strains of B. fragilis have been reported in many countries, including Brazil, 29 India, 30 United States, 31 Hungary 32 and Poland, 33 and some Indian strains show very high levels of resistance (MIC 512 mg/L). 34 Therefore, anaerobic infections have reemerged as a serious health threat, and Bacteroides spp are now recognized as important pathogens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%