Fluoroquinolones

Giguère, Steeve; Dowling, Patricia M.

doi:10.1002/9781118675014.ch18

Cited by 56 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…While the MIC for veterinary pathogens has been reported as being ≤4 μg/mL, recent guidelines from the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) document MIC of susceptible equine pathogens as ≤2 μg/mL, with the MIC for intermediately susceptible pathogens being 4 μg/mL 11, 17, 18. Therefore, it should be noted that the target peak range used in our study is higher than that recommended based on the CLSI guidelines, and that lower doses are likely adequate to reach this lower target peak range.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of low numbers, this study is likely underpowered to detect a difference. More sensitive markers of nephrotoxicity such as urine GGT : creatinine ratio1 were not evaluated and therefore subtle indications of nephrotoxicosis may have been missed. However, an increased urine GGT:creatinine ratio does not necessarily indicate gentamicin treatment requires alteration, therefore its clinical usefulness in this situation is questionable as it may be too sensitive 29.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there is no consensus of how low troughs should be. In the human and veterinary literature, recommended trough concentrations range from <0.5–2 μg/mL 1, 13, 32. Therefore, whether all troughs of <2 μg/mL are adequately low should be interpreted with caution, as actually some troughs, although <2 μg/mL, may be increased and indicative of inadequate renal clearance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside antimicrobial commonly used to treat Gram negative infections in humans and many veterinary species, including horses 1, 2, 3. It is a water‐soluble, bactericidal, concentration‐dependent antimicrobial, and is most commonly administered intravenously (IV) to adult horses at 6.6 mg/kg every 24 hours, based on pharmacokinetics in healthy horses 2, 4, 5.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to concerns with gentamicin resistance, the MIC for intermediate resistance is used in our hospital where gentamicin treatment is indicated before bacterial culture and antimicrobial sensitivity results are available. Using an MIC of 4 μg/mL gives a target peak range of 32–40 μg/mL (8–10× MIC), while a trough value of <2 μg/mL is considered indicative of adequate renal clearance,12 reducing the risk of acute tubular necrosis 1. Lower target trough values of <0.5–2 μg/mL have been suggested5, 13 and there is no consensus on target trough values for horses.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Plasma Peak and Trough Gentamicin Concentrations in Hospitalized Horses Receiving Intravenously Administered Gentamicin

Bauquier

Boston

Sweeney

et al. 2015

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundGentamicin is an aminoglycoside antimicrobial commonly used in horses at 6.6 mg/kg IV once daily. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) can confirm desired peak concentration is reached for common bacterial isolates, and detect toxicosis associated with high trough values.ObjectivesDetermine the relationship between gentamicin dose and plasma concentration in hospitalized horses, and identify a starting dose range to achieve peaks > 32 μg/mL.AnimalsSixty‐five horses (2002–2010) receiving once‐daily gentamicin with TDM performed (N = 99 sets).MethodsRetrospective study. Data from hospitalized horses including weight, dose, plasma peak, and trough gentamicin concentration, creatinine concentrations and presence of focal or systemic disease were collected from medical records. Peak concentrations measured 25–35 minutes after administration were included (N = 77). Data were divided into low (<7.7 mg/kg), medium (7.7–9.7 mg/kg) and high (>9.7 mg/kg) dose groups, and were grouped by the horse having focal or systemic disease.ResultsPeak concentrations resulting from doses ≥7.7 mg/kg were 5.74 μg/mL (SE 2.1 μg/mL) greater than peaks from doses <7.7 mg/kg (P = .007). Peak concentrations was 3.6 times more likely to be >32 μg/mL if dose was ≥7.7 mg/kg (P = .04). There were no significant effects of dose on trough or creatinine concentration. At a given dose, horses with focal disease had higher peaks than those with systemic disease (P = .039).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThese data suggest gentamicin dosage should be individually determined in horses using TDM, but support an initial once‐daily dose of 7.7–9.7 mg/kg IV to achieve peaks >32 μg/mL and trough concentrations <2 μg/mL. Further studies evaluating the safety of doses >6.6 mg/kg are required.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plasma Peak and Trough Gentamicin Concentrations in Hospitalized Horses Receiving Intravenously Administered Gentamicin

Bauquier

Boston

Sweeney

et al. 2015

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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The co‐administration effects of florfenicol and lasalocid on performance, biochemical and pathological parameters of muscle, heart, liver, kidney and sciatic nerve in broiler chickens

Gholami‐Ahangaran

Karimi-Dehkordi

Namjoo

et al. 2021

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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The study aimed to examine the effect of simultaneous application of florfenicol and lasalocid on the performance and vital organ function of chickens. For this, 300 chicks were divided into four groups. Group one to three received florfenicol, lasalocid and lasalocid plus florfenicol, respectively. Group four as the control group received a basic diet without lasalocid or florfenicol. Lasalocid was used from 7 to 35 days old, continuously. Florfenicol was used at 21 days old for 5 days. The growth indices were measured at the end of each week. The chickens were euthanized at the ages of 28 and 35 days old after collecting blood samples with and without anticoagulants. The liver, heart, muscle, kidney and sciatic nerve were collected in formalin 10% for histopathological examination. The blood and serum samples were used to determine clinical pathologic and hematologic indices. The ratio of internal organs to body weight and ratio of the right ventricle to the total ventricles (RV/TV) of the heart was measured. Results showed, the use of lasalocid decreased feed conversion rate and triglyceride, and increased total protein. Simultaneous administration of lasalocid and florfenicol affected histopathology of the liver and heart and significantly increased creatine phosphokinase, uric acid and the ratio of RV/TV of heart. The eosinophil percentage in the chickens who received florfenicol plus lasalocid was significantly higher than chickens who received florfenicol alone (p < 0.05). In conclusion, it seems that simultaneous administration of the florfenicol and lasalocid induces side‐effects especially on cardiac function and it is not recommended.

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Microbial Resistance Mechanisms and Potential of Metal-Organic Framework in Mitigation Thereof

Polash

Váradi

Shukla

2022

Nanotechnology in the Life Sciences

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Fluoroquinolones

Cited by 56 publications

References 106 publications

Plasma Peak and Trough Gentamicin Concentrations in Hospitalized Horses Receiving Intravenously Administered Gentamicin

Plasma Peak and Trough Gentamicin Concentrations in Hospitalized Horses Receiving Intravenously Administered Gentamicin

The co‐administration effects of florfenicol and lasalocid on performance, biochemical and pathological parameters of muscle, heart, liver, kidney and sciatic nerve in broiler chickens

Microbial Resistance Mechanisms and Potential of Metal-Organic Framework in Mitigation Thereof

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