Fluvial sedimentation in a salt‐controlled mini‐basin: stratal patterns and facies assemblages, Sivas Basin, Turkey

Abstract

The Sivas Basin, located on the Central Anatolian Plateau in Turkey, is an elongate Oligo-Miocene basin that contains numerous salt-walled minibasins. Through field analysis, including stratigraphic section logging, facies analysis and geological mapping, a detailed tectono-stratigraphic study of the Emirhan mini-basin and its 2Á6 km thick sediment fill has been undertaken. Three main palaeoenvironments are recognizedplaya-lake, braided stream and lacustrineeach corresponds to a relatively long-lived depositional episode within a system that was dominated overall by the development of a distributive fluvial system. At local scale, this affects the geometry of the succession and influences facies distributions within preserved sequences. Sequences affected by wedge geometries are characterized by localized channelized sandstone bodies in the area of maximum subsidence and these pass laterally to floodplain mudstone towards the diaper; several internal unconformities are recognized. By contrast, sequences affected by hook geometries display narrow and steep drape-fold geometries with no evidence of lateral facies change and apparent conformity in the preserved succession. The sediment fill of the Emirhan mini-basin records the remobilization of diapir-derived detritus and the presence of evaporitic bodies interbedded within the mini-basin, implying the growth of salt walls expressed at the surface as palaeo-topographic highs. The mini-basin also records the signature of a regional change in stratigraphic assemblage, passing from playa-lake facies to large-scale highly amalgamated fluvial facies that represent progradation of the fluvial system. The initiation and evolution of this mini-basin involves a variety of local and regional controls. Local factors include: (i) salt withdrawal, which influenced the rate and style of subsidence and consequently temporal and spatial variation in the stratigraphic assemblage and the stratal response related to halokinesis; and (ii) salt inflation, which influenced the topographic expression of the diapirs and consequently the occurrence of diapir-derived detritus intercalated within the otherwise clastic-dominated succession.

Paleomagnetic constraints on the timing and distribution of Cenozoic rotations in Central and Eastern Anatolia

“…Salt mobility led to strong local deformation and the formation of mini-basins (Callot et al, 2014;Kergaravat et al, 2016;Pichat et al, 2016;Poisson et al, 2016;Ribes et al, 2015). In the west, upper Miocene to recent volcanic rocks are found close to the EFZ and its connection to the Sivas fold-andthrust belt (Cater et al, 1991;Poisson et al, 1996;Yilmaz and Yilmaz, 2006).…”

“…3 and 8), north of which rotations are variable but generally clockwise, rotating as much as ∼ 30 • in the central and northern part of the basin (Gürlevik, Ulaş, Sivas, Kemah localities). Explaining the variable clockwise rotations is not straightforward, but well-documented intense deformation in part associated with intense local salt tectonics (Kergaravat et al, 2016;Pichat et al, 2016;Poisson et al, 2016;Ribes et al, 2015) may provide an explanation. We note, however, that one Oligocene locality (Güllük) to the north of the DTFZ reveals the counterclockwise rotations characteristic of the area to its south.…”

Depositional stages of the Eğribucak inner basin (terrestrial to marine evaporite and carbonate) from the Sivas Basin (Central Anatolia, Turkey)

“…The late Eocene regression-associated tectonic activity constrained the basin-range upliftings that divided the basin into subbasins such as Akçakışla-Düzyayla, Şarkışla-Celalli, and Akkışla-Altınyayla (Cater et al, 1991;Yılmaz and Yılmaz, 2006). The Eğribucak area was previously determined as a minibasin that resulted from salt tectonism or a diapir-bounded local basin (Ringenbach et al, 2013;Callot et al, 2014;Poisson et al, 2015;Ribes et al, 2015). Environmental and lithological correlations are very difficult to establish between these inner/minibasins due to their own depositional characters.…”

“…In this area, Cenozoic units commenced with massive gypsum formed as a transitional level from the Eocene to Oligocene (Hafik Formation: Kurtman, 1973) and upward, it grades into Oligocene sediments displaying lateral and vertical facies changes and different environmental conditions. The study area is considered as the Eğribucak inner basin (sensu stricto mini basin: Ringenbach et al, 2013;Callot et al, 2014;Poisson et al, 2015;Ribes et al, 2015) because of limited extension of lithological units and an isolated character from the neighboring depositional systems within the Sivas Basin. The evaporites exposed in the Eğribucak succession have been determined in various environments attributed to different ages ranging from early Miocene to middle Miocene (Table 1).…”

Effect of sedimentation volume on productivity and dwelling time of ships at bom baru port

“…To know the total load of sediment transport, then the calculation is based on parameters obtained in the port basin through sampling and testing of large grain sediment load carried out in laboratories [6] . Properties Index sediment testing includes testing sieve analysis which aims to get the size of a grain escaped percent 50% (D 50 ), and a specific gravity of sediment contained in the port basin [7] .Based on the results of data analysis sieve (sieve analysis) of sediment samples in Boom Baru port basin, can be illustrated in the graph of particle diameter (mm) which passes 50% (Fig.…”