“…Such structure, widely believed as a consequence of magnetic reconnection (Birn et al, ; Fu, Khotyaintsev, et al, ), can propagate both earthward and tailward (Angelopoulos et al, ; Fu, Cao, et al, ; Ohtani et al, ). The earthward BBF transports a large amount of mass and magnetic fluxes toward the Earth and subsequently triggers the substorm activity (e.g., Angelopoulos et al, ; Cao et al, ; Ergun et al, ; Fu et al, ; J. Liu et al, ; Ma et al, ; Nakamura et al, ; Panov et al, ; Sergeev et al, ; Xu, Fu, Norgren, et al, ; Yu et al, ).…”