Fly ash electrodes fabricated by an acid-assisted subcritical water extraction method for supercapacitor applications

Shuwanto, Hardy; Lie, Jenni; Abdullah, Hairus; Ismadji, Suryadi; Warmadewanthi, Idaa; Soetaredjo, Felycia Edi

doi:10.1039/d2nj05087k

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The peak at 74.7 eV for sample S4 is related to the existence of Al(OH) 3 [48]. The second group around 76.1 eV we can attribute to the presence of some forms of amorphous AlO(OH) with a non-stoichiometric amount of crystalline H 2 O groups [49,50]. In Figure 3b are shown XPS spectra of the other chemical element in the conversion coating-P2p for as-deposited samples.…”

Section: Xps Of As-deposited Samplesmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The second, at 530.7 eV, we can associate to the presence of a mixture of phosphates and hydrogen phosphates [51]. The third group, at 532.8 eV, we can associate with the presence of OH − and OOH − groups [49,50].…”

Section: Xps Of Studied Samples After Rp Testsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The spectra of Al2p spectra can be divided into three groups of peaks-at 72.9 eV, 73.7-74.6 eV and 76.1 eV (they are not included in this paper). They correspond to the presence of metallic aluminum [65], a mixture of Al 2 O 3 and Al(PO) 4 and AlOOH [49,50]. In the Al2p-spectrum of the S2 sample, no peak associated with the presence of pure metallic aluminum is observed, indicating that the surface of this sample was not exposed as a result of the corrosion test.…”

Section: Xps Of Studied Samples After Ocp Testsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The third group, peaks shifted relative to it by about one electronvolt, at 532.2-532.6 eV, we can associate with the presence of NaH 2 PO 4 and OH − groups. The fourth group of peaks, at 535.3-535.5 eV, can be associated with the presence of OOH groups and adsorbed water [49,50] In contrast to the results for the as-deposited layers (Figure 3), for sample S4, there is a low intensity peak at 72.6 eV, corresponding to the presence of metal aluminum [57]. Calculating the peak area, we determined that 8.6% of the surface has been completely exposed by the corrosion test, which also accounted for the worse results in (Section 3.4.4.…”

Section: Xps Of As-deposited Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of the Chemical Composition of Ceria Conversion Coatings, Sealed in Solution of NaH2PO4 and Ca(NO3)2, on the Corrosion Behavior of Aluminum

Tsanev,

Andreeva,

Stoychev

2023

Materials

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The corrosion-protective influence of eco-friendly ceria conversion coatings deposited on Al-1050 alloy, additionally treated in mixed NaH2PO4 and Ca(NO3)2 solution, was studied. The main aim of this work was to investigate how the obtained mixed systems of coatings eliminates the negative role of cracks and pores on the surface formed after deposition only of ceria coating. For this purpose, the growth structure, main components and corrosion resistance of the so formed protective systems were investigated by SEM, EDS, XRD, XPS and electrochemical (PDP, Rp, etc.) methods. The results obtained show that the basic components of the conversion layers (before and after exposure in model corrosion media) are characterized by Al2O3, Al(OH)3, CePO4 and Ca5(PO4)3(OH). Based on these results, the optimal conditions of immersion treatment(s) of Al substrate are established. At these regimes, the relationship of co-deposited Ce3+, PO43+ and Ca2+-containing components of the conversion layers determine the maximum values of their polarization resistance—a basic criterion for corrosion protection of Al. This effect is related to the formation of fill out of the defects of the conversion coatings and additional Ca5(PO4)3(OH), CePO4 AlPO4 and Al(OH)3 deposits, leading to the decrease of the corrosion rate.

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Section: Xps Of As-deposited Samplesmentioning

confidence: 90%