Foamy Urine

Khitan, Zeid; Glassock, Richard J.

doi:10.2215/cjn.06840619

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…First, concentrated urine which is expected in subjects who have recent viral illness resulting in poor oral intake can lead to foam formation. This is a consequence of an increase in the concentrations of the normally present amphipathic substances responsible for foam formation in the urine resulting from dehydration following poor oral intake [ 2 ]. Second, alkaline urine for any reason can interfere with foam formation by decreasing surface tension and give a falsely negative results [ 3 ].…”

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confidence: 99%

Urine foaming test, a promising diagnostic test for COVID-19 infection

Khitan

Kheetan

2021

North Clin Istanbul

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confidence: 99%

Urine foaming test, a promising diagnostic test for COVID-19 infection

Khitan

Kheetan

2021

North Clin Istanbul

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“…In general, proteins or polypeptides have amphiphilic properties that can function as a surfactant and form foam in the urine. On the other hand, certain free amino acids share this property and potentially may also contribute to foam formation [ 12 ]. After suspicious contact or exposure with the COVID-19, if the transmission has occurred, as the viral load increases, the peptides of the virus and the metabolites of chemical reactions caused by the virus are excreted in the urine.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Urine Foaming Test in COVID19 as a Useful Tool in Diagnosis, Prognosis and Follow-up: Preliminary Results

Kurtulmus

Kazezoğlu²,

Cakiroglu³

et al. 2020

North Clin Istanbul

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OBJECTIVE: We aimed to develop a simple, rapid urine test based on the level of foaming that occurs in the urine sample due to the excretion of peptide structures containing amino acids specific to the antigenic structure of COVID-19. In this study, we present the preliminary results of the first clinical study with a newly developed urine foaming test (UFT). METHODS: This study was conducted in a tertiary hospital in Istanbul. After obtaining the approval of the ethics committee, urine samples were taken from three groups of patients whose informed consent was obtained. The groups were created according to the COVID-19 Diagnostic Guide of Ministry of Health: A: outpatients with suspected COVID-19, B: inpatients for follow-up and treatment, C: patients treated in intensive care unit (ICU). Also, 30 healthy volunteers were included as the control group D. Urine samples taken from all groups were delivered to the laboratory. 2.5 ml urine sample was added to the test tube and shaken for 15 seconds and the level of foam formed was visually evaluated according to the color scale. Other data of the patients were obtained from the hospital information management system and the physician caring for the patient. The clinical status, PCR test results, computed tomography (CT), if any, laboratory tests, and UFT results were compared and the level of statistical significance was expressed as p≤0.05 in the 95% confidence intervals (CI). Performance characteristics, such as sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of the UFT, were statistically calculated according to the RT-PCR result and/or CT. RESULTS: A statistically significant difference was observed between UFT distributions of the control, outpatient, inpatient and ICU patients (p=0.0001). The results of UFT orange and red in inpatients and ICU patients were statistically significantly higher than in the control and outpatient groups. The diagnostic accuracy of UFT was detected in all group, the pooled sensitivity was 92% (95% CI: 87–95%) and specificity was 89% (95% CI: 80–98%). CONCLUSION: Our preliminary results suggest that the UFT is useful, particularly in predicting the clinical severity of COVID-19. The UFT could be recommended as a point of care test, rapid and non-invasive method in the diagnosis and follow-up of COVID-19.

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