Focused attention meditation changes the boundary and configuration of functional networks in the brain

Kajimura, Shogo; Masuda, Naoki; Lau, Johnny King L; Murayama, Kou

doi:10.1038/s41598-020-75396-9

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…2011 ). This increasingly expansive and integrated default mode has already been shown by Kajimura et al. (2020) , where they found that the frontal-parietal network was increasingly merged with the DMN following meditation, leading them to suggest that aside from altered functional connectivity, “meditation leads to reconfiguration of whole-brain network architecture.”…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

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Beyond the veil of duality—topographic reorganization model of meditation

Cooper

Ventura

Northoff

2022

Neuroscience of Consciousness

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Meditation can exert a profound impact on our mental life, with proficient practitioners often reporting an experience free of boundaries between a separate self and the environment, suggesting an explicit experience of “nondual awareness.” What are the neural correlates of such experiences and how do they relate to the idea of nondual awareness itself? In order to unravel the effects that meditation has on the brain’s spatial topography, we review functional magnetic resonance imaging brain findings from studies specific to an array of meditation types and meditator experience levels. We also review findings from studies that directly probe the interaction between meditation and the experience of the self. The main results are (i) decreased posterior default mode network (DMN) activity, (ii) increased central executive network (CEN) activity, (iii) decreased connectivity within posterior DMN as well as between posterior and anterior DMN, (iv) increased connectivity within the anterior DMN and CEN, and (v) significantly impacted connectivity between the DMN and CEN (likely a nonlinear phenomenon). Together, these suggest a profound organizational shift of the brain’s spatial topography in advanced meditators—we therefore propose a topographic reorganization model of meditation (TRoM). One core component of the TRoM is that the topographic reorganization of DMN and CEN is related to a decrease in the mental-self-processing along with a synchronization with the more nondual layers of self-processing, notably interoceptive and exteroceptive-self-processing. This reorganization of the functionality of both brain and self-processing can result in the explicit experience of nondual awareness. In conclusion, this review provides insight into the profound neural effects of advanced meditation and proposes a result-driven unifying model (TRoM) aimed at identifying the inextricably tied objective (neural) and subjective (experiential) effects of meditation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…6 ). This amounts to a topographic reorganization of the whole brain (see Kajimura et al. 2020 for a direct example of this).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond the veil of duality—topographic reorganization model of meditation

Cooper

Ventura

Northoff

2022

Neuroscience of Consciousness

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“…The complex anatomical structure of each RSN is directly related to special brain functions. The SMN comprises the primary somatosensory cortex, motor cortices, and insular cortex (Kajimura et al, 2020). The SMN has been proposed to serve a variety of functions, such as sensorimotor integration, A brain with altered function within the network between the MCAO/R group and MCAO/R+EA groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alteration of brain functional networks induced by electroacupuncture stimulation in rats with ischemia–reperfusion: An independent component analysis

Xing²,

Hua³

et al. 2022

Front. Neurosci.

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Motor dysfunction is the major sequela of ischemic stroke. Motor recovery after stroke has been shown to be associated with remodeling of large-scale brain networks, both functionally and structurally. Electroacupuncture (EA) is a traditional Chinese medicine application that has frequently been recommended as an alternative therapy for ischemic stroke and is reportedly effective for alleviating motor symptoms in patients. In the present study, the effect of EA on the alterations of functional resting state networks (RSNs) was explored after middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) injury using resting-state functional MRI. Rats were randomly assigned to three groups, including the sham group, MCAO/R group and MCAO/R+EA group. The ladder rung walking test was conducted prior to and after modeling to assess behavioral changes. RSNs were identified based on the independent component analysis (ICA) performed on the fMRI data from groups. EA treatment effectively reduced the occurrence of contralateral forelimb foot faults. Furthermore, our results suggested the disrupted function of the whole-brain network following ischemic stroke and the modulatory effect of acupuncture. The sensorimotor network (SMN), interoceptive network (IN), default mode network (DMN) and salience network (SN) were related to the therapeutic effect of EA on stroke recovery. Collectively, our findings confirmed the effect of EA on motor function recovery after cerebral ischemia reperfusion and shed light on the assessment of EA intervention-induced effects on brain networks. This study provides neuroimaging evidence to explain the therapeutic effects of EA in ischemic stroke and will lay the groundwork for further studies.

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“…We benchmark the PLM method on a zero-field (h 0 = 0), fully-connected Sherrington-Kirkpatrick (SK) model [16] with system sizes comparable to typical coarse grained fMRI brain region analyses [13,53,54], N = 50, 100, 200, 400, 800, collecting a total of B max = 10 000 samples per state-point.…”

Section: A Inference Of Sk Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We consider data from a single-participant restingstate fMRI study, the full experimental details of which can be found in [53]. Imaging sessions were carried on separate days under two different conditions: those where the participant practiced mindfulness meditation (MM) before undergoing imaging, and those where he did not (noMM).…”

Section: Case Study: Criticality Of An Fmri Datasetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biases in Inverse Ising Estimates of Near-Critical Behaviour

Kloucek¹,

Machon²,

Kajimura³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Inverse Ising inference allows pairwise interactions of complex binary systems to be reconstructed from empirical correlations. Typical estimators used for this inference, such as Pseudo-likelihood maximization (PLM), are biased. Using the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick (SK) model as a benchmark, we show that these biases are large in critical regimes close to phase boundaries, and may alter the qualitative interpretation of the inferred model. In particular, we show that the small-sample bias causes models inferred through PLM to appear closer-to-criticality than one would expect from the data. Data-driven methods to correct this bias are explored and applied to a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) dataset from neuroscience. Our results indicate that additional care should be taken when attributing criticality to real-world datasets.

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Focused attention meditation changes the boundary and configuration of functional networks in the brain

Cited by 22 publications

References 50 publications

Beyond the veil of duality—topographic reorganization model of meditation

Beyond the veil of duality—topographic reorganization model of meditation

Alteration of brain functional networks induced by electroacupuncture stimulation in rats with ischemia–reperfusion: An independent component analysis

Biases in Inverse Ising Estimates of Near-Critical Behaviour

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