Focuses of material science development in recent years

Abstract

Materials science is an interdisciplinary field applying the properties of matter to various areas of science and engineering. This scientific field investigates the relationship between the structure of materials at atomic or molecular scales and their macroscopic properties. It incorporates elements of applied physics and chemistry. With significant media attention focused on nanoscience and nanotechnology in recent years, materials science has been propelled to the forefront at many universities. Materials science encompasses various classes of materials, including electronic materials, functional ceramics, magnesium, material and processes for flat-panel displays, eco/environmental materials, sustainable energy materials, transportation materials, electronic packaging materials, etc.The field of electronic materials is of extraordinary importance to technology and society given the pervasiveness of electronic devices in day-to-day life [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Particular areas of interest focus on material science and technologies of relevace to silicon processing technologies and future scaling approaches. Studies of nanoscale phenomena in electronic materials are particularly pertinent. For example, Antonova et al.[1] studied the passivating effects of organic monolayers of 1-octadecene deposited onto the silicon surfaces of both n and p conductivities for Si/SiGe/ Si structures grown by molecular beam epitaxy and chemical vapor deposition. The results demonstrated that the organic passivation provides a decrease of surface charge and an increase of carrier concentration in the near-surface layers and/or the SiGe quantum wells. Wang et al.[2] synthesized silicon nitride nanowires and nanotudes from a binary solgel route, in which tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and phenolic resin were used to prepare a carbonaceous silica xerogel and ferric nitrate was employed as additive. The results showed that the sample mainly consisted of -Si 3 N 4 nanowires with a few of nanotubes. Both the nanowires and nanotubes have a diameter of 30-100 nm and a length of hundreds microns. Liquid droplets were also found at the tip of the nanowires, and this indicated that the growth of the nanowires and nanotubes followed the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) mechanism. Ahmad et al.[4] investigated one-step synthesis route of the aligned and non-aligned single crystalline -Si 3 N 4 nanowires. This method is a simple and one-step procedure to synthesize the bulk-quantity and high-purity aligned and non-aligned -Si 3 N 4 NWs at a relatively low temperature.The field of functional ceramics is driven by applications in many key technologies, including microelectronics, communications, energy conversion, and automation [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. The focus of research is on the understanding of the structure-processing-property relationships. For instance, Bokov et al. [12] considered the crystal structure including quenched compositional disorder and polar nanoregions (PNR), the phase transitions including compositio...

Effect of Cooling Rate on Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties of SCM435 Steel

“…Cr-Mo microalloyed high-strength fasteners are being used more frequently, and they are commonly used as 10.9-12.9 high-strength bolts [1][2][3][4] through the complete solid solution of Cr and Mo in ferrite, improving its strength [5] without reducing its plasticity, and can inhibit the precipitation of carbide in the tempering process of steel. Thus, it is advantageous to use a tempering method as a heat treatment [6][7][8]. In our test steel, chromium is mainly used to improve its strength and maintain its toughness after tempering.…”

Study on Risk Prediction Model of Expressway Agglomerate Fog-Related Accidents

“…With ab increasing road network density and the changing climate environment, the impacts of fog on expressway traffic safety and traffic efficiency are becoming increasingly serious. In China, the accumulated mileage blocked by fog is 1.78 times the total national expressway mileage per year on average [3,4].…”

An Approach to Improve Thickness Uniformity of TA15 Tubular Part Formed by Gas Bulging Process

“…Lightweight materials, such as Titanium alloys are a kind of advanced material with high specific strength, excellent corrosion resistance, good weldability and high temperature performance at just half weight of steels and Ni-based alloys [3]. Titanium alloy parts are usually formed at elevated temperature especially with superplastic forming process for its poor formability at room temperature [4,5]. However, many complex parts formed at elevated temperature often have a poor thinning ratio distribution [6,7].…”