Fog Computing-Based Environmental Monitoring Using Nordic Thingy: 52 and Raspberry Pi

Building Low-Cost Sensing Infrastructure for Air Quality Monitoring in Urban Areas Based on Fog Computing

“…Furthermore, it promises increased performance, energy efficiency, reduced latency, quicker response time, and better localized accuracy for different smart city applications [34]. In order to integrate such applications and services, and to meet the real-time requirements, fog computing relies on the tiered architectural model positioned as an intermediary layer between the network core and end-devices [29,35].…”

“…In the context of AQM, in accordance with a high number of data generated from different types of sensors, which are usually mounted throughout a wide area or on mobile platforms, using fog computing finds its justification in the processes of AQM. A study presented in [35] proposed using fog computing to monitor the environmental parameters and response in real-time based on the decision-making process that can be done on fog nodes. As an extension of cloud computing, in [36,37], fog computing has been promoted due to its inherent property of bringing the intelligence to the proximity of the edge of the network, and the effects on the performance of the service execution.…”

“…The selection of viewpoints, used for the classification of reviewed system solutions, was performed to reveal the critical aspects regarding the research approach, research directions and intended applications of the proposed solutions. The majority of reviewed system solutions given in Table 1 [20][21][22][23][24][25][26]35,36,40,43] utilize a sensor-cloud approach given as an infrastructure that allows persistent system operation using sensors as an interface between physical and cyber worlds, the cloud computing services as the cyber backbone and the internet as the communication medium. Although architecture review can be found as a part of the associated research papers [22,35,36], the research novelty in these papers is more often related to the hardware design of sensing devices and algorithms for data processing.…”

“…The majority of reviewed system solutions given in Table 1 [20][21][22][23][24][25][26]35,36,40,43] utilize a sensor-cloud approach given as an infrastructure that allows persistent system operation using sensors as an interface between physical and cyber worlds, the cloud computing services as the cyber backbone and the internet as the communication medium. Although architecture review can be found as a part of the associated research papers [22,35,36], the research novelty in these papers is more often related to the hardware design of sensing devices and algorithms for data processing. Data processing in such a sensor-cloud approach is either given as a functionality implemented in sensing devices [20,25,40,43] or with cloud-based data services [24,26].…”

Applications of Integrated IoT-Fog-Cloud Systems to Smart Cities: A Survey

“…iIFCs can offer smart services for environmental monitoring, like air quality, river, coastal, and noise monitoring [113,114]. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) can be installed and organized to observe and communicate the present conditions of environment to deployed fog and cloud services for data collection and examination [115][116][117][118]. Advanced services, like alert services to actual values to predefined thresholds and communicate undesirable environmental situations, can be integrated in the cloud.…”