“…33 Compared with aforementioned red fluorescent nanoparticles, these GCC NPs demonstrated outstanding advantages in their economic values and bioapplications, such as low cost, robust preparation procedure, favorable deep red emission, and excellent anti-photobleaching property. [36][37][38][39][40][41][42] More importantly, the PEGylation of 20 nanoparticles would guarantee them the superb biocompatibility. Nevertheless, the positive charges on GCC NPs, which endowed them the intense red fluorescence, also brought some problems, for examples, reduced biocompatibility and short circulation time in biological 10 systems.…”