Follicle-stimulating Hormone and Human Spermatogenesis

Bremner, William J.; Matsumoto, Alvin M.; Sussman, Allen; Paulsen, C. Alvin

doi:10.1172/jci110327

Cited by 110 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Furthermore, no agent presently available for experimental use can produce a selective deficiency of LH or FSH in man. We have previously reported that human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) can reinitiate sperm production in gonadotropin-suppressed normal men, despite undetectable blood FSH levels and urinary excretion of FSH less than that of prepubertal children (16). Our results demonstrated that normal serum levels of FSH are not an absolute requirement for sperm production in man.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Reinitiation of sperm production in gonadotropin-suppressed normal men by administration of follicle-stimulating hormone

Matsumoto¹,

Karpas²,

Paulsen³

et al. 1983

J. Clin. Invest.

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A B S T R A C T The specific roles of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in controlling human spermatogenesis are poorly understood. We studied the effect of an experimentally induced, selective LH deficiency on sperm production in normal men. After a 3-mo control period, five men received 200 mg testosterone enanthate (T) i.m./wk to suppress LH, FSH, and sperm counts. Then, while continuing T at the same dosage, human FSH (hFSH) was administered simultaneously to replace FSH activity, leaving LH activity suppressed. Four men received 100 IU hFSH s.c. daily plus T (high dosage hFSH) for 13-14 wk, while one man received 50 IU hFSH s.c. daily plus T (low dosage hFSH) for 5 mo. The effect on sperm production of the selective LH deficiency produced by hFSH plus T administration was assessed.In the four men who received the high dosage hFSH regimen, sperm counts were markedly suppressed during T administration alone (0.3±0.2 million/cm3, mean±SE, compared with 94±12 million/cm3 during the control period). Serum LH bioactivity (determined by in vitro mouse Leydig cell assay) was suppressd (140±7 ng/ml compared with 375±65 ng/ml during control period) and FSH levels (by radioimmunoassay) were reduced to undetectable levels (<25 ng/ml, compared with 98±21 ng/ml during control period) during T alone. With the addition of 100 IU hFSH s.c. daily to T, sperm counts increased significantly in all subjects (33±7 million/cm3, P < 0.02 compared with T alone). However, no subject consistently achieved sperm counts within his control range. Sperm morphology and motility were normal in all four men and in vitro sperm penetration of hamster ova was normal in the two men tested during the hFSH-plus-T period. During high-dosage hFSH administration, serum FSH levels increased to 273±44 ng/ml (just above the normal range for FSH, 30-230 ng/ml). Serum LH bioactivity was not significantly changed compared with the Talone period (147±9 ng/ml). After the hFSH-plus-T period, all four men continued to receive T alone after hFSH was stopped. Sperm counts were again severely suppressed (0.2±0.1 million/cm3), demonstrating the dependence of sperm production on hFSH administration.Serum T and estradiol (E2) levels increased two-to threefold during T administration alone compared with the control period. Both T and E2 levels remained unchanged with the addition of hFSH to T, confirming the lack of significant LH activity in the hFSH preparation.In the one man who received low dosage hFSH treatment, sperm counts were reduced to severely oligospermic levels, serum FSH was suppressed to undetectable levels, and serum LH bioactivity was markedly lowered during the T-alone period. With the addition of 50 IU hFSH s.c. daily to T, sperm counts increased, to a mean of 11±3 million/cm3. During this period, serum FSH levels increased to a mean of 105±11 ng/ml (slightly above this man's control range and within the normal adult range), while LH bioactivity remain suppressed. After hFSH was stopped and T alone was continued, sper...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Reinitiation of sperm production in gonadotropin-suppressed normal men by administration of follicle-stimulating hormone

Matsumoto¹,

Karpas²,

Paulsen³

et al. 1983

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…The replacement regimen achieved physiological levels ofserum LH bioactivity. The hCG replacement regimen used in the third study has been shown previously to achieve a sixfold elevation in serum LH bioactivity (21). Serum inhibin levels increased somewhat more during hCG treatment than during the hLH regimen but were still lower than control levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Serum pressed to levels comparable to those of prepubertal or hypogonadotropic subjects (21). After hFSH treatment, FSH levels then increased to just above the upper limit of the normal range (273±44 ,ug/liter).…”

Section: Experimental Protocolmentioning

confidence: 89%

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Relative roles of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone in the control of inhibin secretion in normal men.

et al. 1988

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“…Sperm count recovery was defined as the first of three normal sperm counts (Ͼ20 ϫ 10 6 /mL) with at least one value equal to the subject's mean baseline count. Sperm counts were determined by a Coulter counter (Coulter Electronics, Inc., Hialeah, FL), and concentrations of Ͻ15 ϫ 10 6 /mL were confirmed by direct determination with use of a hemocytometer (14,15). Sperm motility assessment was performed according to the WHO laboratory manual for the examination of human semen and sperm-cervical mucus interaction (16).…”

Section: Sperm Countsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Desogestrel plus testosterone effectively suppresses spermatogenesis but also causes modest weight gain and high-density lipoprotein suppression

Anawalt

Herbst

Matsumoto

et al. 2000

Fertility and Sterility

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Objective: To test the hypothesis that oral desogestrel (DSG) plus testosterone would uniformly and rapidly suppress sperm concentrations in young men as effectively as levonorgestrel (LNG) plus testosterone and cause less high-density lipoprotein (HDL) suppression and weight gain. Design: Single-blind, randomized trial. Setting: VA Puget Sound and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. Patient(s): Twenty-four healthy young men, aged 20 -49. Intervention(s): Subjects were randomized to three groups of men who were administered 6 months of therapy with oral DSG plus im testosterone enanthate: 150 g of DSG plus 50 mg of testosterone (DSG 150-T 50), 150 g of DSG plus 100 mg of testosterone (DSG 150-T 100) or 300 g of DSG plus 100 mg of testosterone (DSG 300-T 100). We compared these three groups to two groups of historical controls of 100 mg of im testosterone alone or 150 g of oral LNG plus 100 mg of im testosterone (LNG 125-T 100 group) enrolled in similar studies. Main Outcome Measure(s): Suppression of sperm counts to severe oligoazoospermia (sperm counts Ͻ1 ϫ 10 6 /mL) and azoospermia, weight gain, and serum high-density cholesterol (HDL) suppression. Result(s):Azoospermia was achieved in all eight men receiving DSG 150-T 100 and seven of the eight men in the DSG 300-T 100 group. DSG 150 or 300 plus T 100 suppressed spermatogenesis as effectively as LNG 125-T 100 and more effectively than DSG 50-T 100 or testosterone alone. All groups tended to gain weight compared with their baseline, but the weight gain was greatest (and statistically significant) in the DSG 150-T 100, DSG 300-T 100, and LNG 125-T 100 groups. Serum HDL levels were modestly suppressed in all groups, and this effect was greatest in the DSG 300-T 100 and LNG 125-T 100 groups. Conclusion(s):The combination of DSG plus testosterone is a very effective regimen for suppression of spermatogenesis and has acceptably low side effects. (Fertil Steril 2000;74:707-14.

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Follicle-stimulating Hormone and Human Spermatogenesis

Cited by 110 publications

References 30 publications

Reinitiation of sperm production in gonadotropin-suppressed normal men by administration of follicle-stimulating hormone

Reinitiation of sperm production in gonadotropin-suppressed normal men by administration of follicle-stimulating hormone

Relative roles of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone in the control of inhibin secretion in normal men.

Desogestrel plus testosterone effectively suppresses spermatogenesis but also causes modest weight gain and high-density lipoprotein suppression

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