Follow the heart: A tale of possible infective endocarditis in a patient co-infected with Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2

Abstract

Introduction Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a leading pathogen responsible for bacteremia and valvular endocarditis. In patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), MRSA co-infection represents a challenging scenario, with increased morbidity and mortality. Case presentation We present a case of possible valvular endocarditis in a patient with acute COVID-19 and MRSA bacteremia. A 75-year-old woman presented with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis and moderate mitral stenosis. During hospitalization, she developed COVID-19 pneumonia with acute respiratory failure, and temporal and frontal intraparenchymal cerebral hemorrhage. Blood cultures were positive for MRSA, and the patient was started on a specific antibiotics regimen. The patient subsequently developed multi-organ failure and was transferred to the intensive care unit. Repeated computed tomography of the brain was consistent with a new occipitotemporal cortical hypodensity. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) showed a small (4 x 4 mm) mass attached to the aortic valve, but with TTE features inconclusive for infective endocarditis. The patient was scheduled for transesophageal echocardiography, but she suffered cardiac arrest, with no response to resuscitation maneuvers. Conclusions This case reveals the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges raised by MRSA and COVID-19 coinfection in a patient with preexisting valvular heart disease.