Food Fraud

Pointing, John; Al‐Teinaz, Yunes Ramadan; Lever, John; Critchley, Mary; Spear, Stuart

doi:10.1002/9781118823026.ch19

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…For example, it was reported in Guardian newspaper, that 900 people were jailed in China for meat fraud involving 20.000 tons of unsuitable meat including mink, rat and fox. In addition, 4o% of lamb meat was sold for takeaway dishes that contained other types of meat.’[ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adulteration detection technologies used for halal/kosher food products: an overview

2022

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In the Islamic and Jewish religions, there are various restrictions that should be followed in order for food products to be acceptable. Some food items like pork or dog meat are banned to be consumed by the followers of the mentioned religions. However, illegally, some food producers in various countries use either the meat or the fat of the banned animals during food production without being mentioned in the label on the final products, and this considers as food adulteration. Nowadays, halal or kosher labeled food products have a high economic value, therefore deceiving the consumers by producing adulterated food is an illegal business that could make large gains. On the other hand, there is an insistent need from the consumers for getting reliable products that comply with their conditions. One of the main challenges is that the detection of food adulteration and the presence of any of the banned ingredients is usually unnoticeable and cannot be determined by the naked eye. As a result, scientists strove to develop very sensitive and precise analytical techniques. The most widely utilized techniques for the detection and determination of halal/kosher food adulterations can be listed as High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Capillary Electrophoresis (CE), Gas Chromatography (GC), Electronic Nose (EN), Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), Enzyme-linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Near-infrared (NIR) Spectroscopy, Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), Fluorescent Light Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy and Raman Spectroscopy (RS). All of the above-mentioned techniques were evaluated in terms of their detection capabilities, equipment and analysis costs, accuracy, mobility, and needed sample volume. As a result, the main purposes of the present review are to identify the most often used detection approaches and to get a better knowledge of the existing halal/kosher detection methods from a literature perspective.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adulteration detection technologies used for halal/kosher food products: an overview

2022

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“…Arguably, these requirements are unlikely to be met when criminals are involved in illegal slaughter and trading in Halal meat. Pointing and Teinaz (2004) pointed out the illegal Halal meat trade is the third largest illegal trade in the UK and pose a threat to public health as well as violating core religious dietary laws.…”

Section: What Is Halalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is not to suggest that all illegal slaughter activities in the meat industry is carried out by criminals, there is evidence of first-time illegal slaughterers, and those that break the law due to ignorance. Illegal activities in the Halal meat industry have been reported by several researchers (Pointing and Teinaz, 2004;Pointing et al, 2008;McElwee et al, 2017;Fuseini et al, 2017). Illegal slaughter during the Islamic festival of Eid-ul-Adha is likely to be carried out by Muslims who are simply not familiar with UK law pertaining to slaughter.…”

Section: Illegal Slaughter Practices In the Ukmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the UK, fraud in the Halal sector has been reported too, McElwee et al (2017) reported illegal slaughter and processing of sheep meat for supply to Halal consumers. Others have reported on sheep theft (Smith, 2016), mislabelling of non-Halal meat as Halal (Fuseini et al, 2017) and the importation of meat from endangered species such as gorillas and chimpanzees (Pointing and Teinaz, 2004).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Illegal slaughter of sheep for “smokies” production and for the Muslim sacrifice of Qurbani in the UK: animal welfare and food safety implications

Fuseini

2023

BFJ

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Purpose It is the expectation of Halal consumers that the meat they buy in retail shops and restaurants are ethically and legally reared and slaughtered in approved premises to protect animal welfare and public health. While this may be the case in multinational and well-established supermarkets due to due diligence on the part of retailers, there is evidence to suggest that some independent retail shops and ethnic restaurants in the UK partake in selling meat from illegally slaughtered animals. It is a crime that involves many players, but usually masterminded by rural entrepreneurs, including rogue farmers who supply the animals for illegal slaughter and further processing into smokies, or as part of the Islamic festival of Qurbani, in makeshift abattoirs. The purpose of this paper is to highlight illegal slaughter of sheep for the Halal market and how these impacts on food integrity and animal welfare.Design/methodology/approachThis paper examines the legality of slaughter in accordance with UK animal welfare and food safety legislations. The documentary research approach is adopted to examine available information on the activities of organised criminal gangs in the production of smokies and their possible involvement in Qurbani fraud.FindingsThis paper demonstrates the involvement of some rogue farmers who are facilitating the smokies trade and illegal slaughter of sheep during the Qurbani sacrifice. It is worth noting that while these illegal activities occur in the Halal sector, the perpetrators are not always Muslims. The processing of illegally slaughtered sheep takes place in unhygienic conditions which is of food safety, public health concern and may violate the religious rules around slaughter.Originality/valueIllegal slaughter for the Muslim sacrifice of Qurbani is underreported, this paper aims to highlight the animal welfare and food safety aspects of this type of slaughter, in addition to those slaughtered for smokies production.

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“…Research has shown that the most common types of food fraud range from substituting cheaper less wholesome or healthy ingredients for those of higher-cost religiously compliant alternatives, intentional mislabeling, counterfeiting, dilution, and adulteration the addition of unapproved enhancements [11]. Other fraud activities include the diversion of unfit pet food meat into the human food chain, re-dating out-of-date meat, and freezing and substitution of non-Halal meat (Haram) for genuine Halal products [11]. As a result of the known growing nature and breadth of these fraudulent incidents, there has been a resultant change in industry focus from the investigation of food fraud to risk mitigation and vulnerability reduction strategies [3,12,13].…”

Section: Food Fraudmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fake: The Rise of Food Fraud in the Halal Supply Chain

Voak¹

2021

NHJ

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We live in increasingly challenging economic times, and the concomitant uncertainty associated with this state within the food industry has led to an emergence of unscrupulous suppliers and supply chain actors committing Halal food fraud. As Halal food supply chains become increasingly complex and global and as the sector continues to develop and grow, more significant opportunities arise for unprincipled practice. Further, catering to rising consumption and the resultant increased demand for Halal products and services means consumers in Halal supply chains are particularly vulnerable to fraud, adulteration and unwitting contamination as global demand outstrips supply. Certification and its associated labelling of Halal food products alone will no longer engender complete consumer confidence, particularly as consumers become better acquainted with the rising opportunities for food fraud, false advertising, and misleading conduct. This report is based on recognizing the religious importance of Halal food to Muslims and how food integrity is pivotal in the daily observance of Islamic mores. It examines how vulnerabilities in global supply chains can arise and be exploited to intentionally deceive and unknowingly contaminate food products consumed by devoted Muslims. A vital industry issue of concern to this discussion is the increasing importance of compliance, transparency, and traceability, combined with other risk mitigation approaches needed within Halal food supply chains to ensure product provenance. This review also examines the potential human capability development interventions required to strengthen further supply chain actors' competence and the consumer awareness needed to provide trust and confidence in the Halal food eco-system.

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Food Fraud

Cited by 6 publications

References 8 publications

Adulteration detection technologies used for halal/kosher food products: an overview

Adulteration detection technologies used for halal/kosher food products: an overview

Illegal slaughter of sheep for “smokies” production and for the Muslim sacrifice of Qurbani in the UK: animal welfare and food safety implications

Fake: The Rise of Food Fraud in the Halal Supply Chain

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