Food Insecurity Pre- and Post the COVID-19 Pandemic and Economic Crisis in Lebanon: Prevalence and Projections

Kharroubi, Samer A.; Naja, Farah; Diab-El-Harake, Marwa; Jomaa, Lamis

doi:10.3390/nu13092976

“…In contrast, developing countries in general, particularly those in the NENA region, have been neglected. Secondly, most of the existent studies on the impact of the pandemic on food activities in the NENA region focused on the general population [ 13 , 37 , 38 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 ] or students [ 10 ], and rarely on women.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gendered Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Food Behaviors in North Africa: Cases of Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia

Hassen

¹

,

Bilali

²

,

Allahyari

³

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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The COVID-19 pandemic-related measures in the Near East and North Africa (NENA) region have resulted in many lifestyle modifications, including changes in diet and food buying patterns among adults. However, the pandemic has impacted women and men differently and exacerbated existing socio-economic and gender inequalities. Indeed, numerous studies conducted worldwide have shown that the COVID-19 pandemic had a disproportionately negative impact on women compared to males. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze the effects of COVID-19 on women’s food behaviors in three countries of the North Africa sub-region, namely, Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia. The study was based on an online poll conducted by SurveyMonkey from 15 September to 5 November 2020, with 995 participants. The outcomes of the research found that when compared to men, (1) women tend to consume more food out of fear, anxiety, or boredom; (2) women prefer to eat more unhealthy food; (3) women tend to stockpile a greater amount of food; and (4) women tend to modify their shopping habits more often. The findings should inform gender-sensitive strategies and policies to address the negative impacts of the pandemic and foster transition towards healthier diets and resilient food systems during the recovery period.

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“…The decline in the number of children (26%) between 2015–2017 and 2018–2020 could be related to the COVID-19 pandemic, aggravated by a severe socioeconomic crisis in the country. Several reports reveal that low income and increased poverty rates had a significant impact on overall oral health [ 25 , 26 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kharroubi [ 25 ] (2021) stated that COVID-19 pandemic had detrimental global repercussions on the economy. Moreover, in Lebanon, the pandemic overlapped with an economic crisis which overwhelmed the medical system [ 25 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kharroubi [ 25 ] (2021) stated that COVID-19 pandemic had detrimental global repercussions on the economy. Moreover, in Lebanon, the pandemic overlapped with an economic crisis which overwhelmed the medical system [ 25 ]. In the same vein, Shallal et al found that the financial crisis worsened, and the banking systems went completely bankrupt.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Presentations of Routine Dental Interventions in Children over a Six-Year Period

Noueiri

¹

2022

The Scientific World Journal

2

0

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Aim. To evaluate over a six-year period, the prevalence of the dental procedures in primary and mixed dentitions, in males and females. Materials and Methods. A retrospective descriptive study on dental treatments in primary and mixed dentitions was conducted in the Department of Pediatric Dentistry at the Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, from 2015 to 2020. The total number of children was 1291. Data were classified and reviewed according to the dentition type, gender, and type of dental treatment. Results. The number of children decreased from 741 for the period 2015–2017 to 550 during the period 2018–2020 (279 males and 271 females). No significant association was found between the admission periods and the genders. A significant relationship was found between the number of treatments performed in both genders and the dentition types ( p value = 0,015). Males were slightly more likely than females to present for the treatment in mixed dentition (54.58% versus 45.2%, respectively). Results portrayed a significant relationship between surgical treatment and gender ( p value = 0.049). However, no significant relationship between gender and other treatment types was noted. The comparison between the 2 time frames and the types of treatments showed a significant association in composite fillings ( p value = 0.043), extractions ( p value < 0.0001), sealants ( p value = 0.039), preventive resin restoration ( p = 0.011 ), pulp therapies ( p value < 0.0001), pediatric crowns ( p value < 0.0001), and surgical interventions ( p value = 0.013). A nonsignificant relationship was recorded for the appliances and composite crowns ( p value = 0.45 and 0.14, respectively). Conclusion. The present study points out the implications of the COVID-19 outbreak and Lebanon’s economic collapse on children’s dental status, with the number of children receiving dental care dropping remarkably. A decrease in all types of dental procedures was noted in mixed dentition, whereas an increase in dental treatments related to aggravated carious lesions was reported in primary dentition. More medical and financial aids are required to encourage and support parents’ attitude towards children dental care during unprecedented crises.

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“…A recent report by the United Nationals Children's Fund (UNICEF) further warned that children in Lebanon are bearing the brunt for one of the world's worst economic crises, with over 30 percent of children going to bed hungry and skipping meals, affecting their health, education and future [58]. The prevalence of food insecurity in Lebanon is expected to further increase if serious and immediate measures are not taken to halt the spiraling economic crisis and its adverse impacts on the most vulnerable households and communities [59].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable, Healthy and Affordable Diets for Children in Lebanon: A Call for Action in Dire Times

Jomaa

¹

,

Nasreddine

²

,

Naja

³

et al. 2021

Self Cite

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Achieving sustainable, healthy diets remains a global challenge to meet the sustainable development agenda by 2030. The purpose of this study is to derive optimal dietary recommendations for children that consider nutritional, environmental, and economic parameters of sustainability, using Lebanon as a case study. Data from the latest national food consumption survey conducted among Lebanese children were used. Optimized diets were derived using Optimeal, a software that produces similar patterns to the usual diet while considering nutrition constraints (energy, and macro/micronutrient needs), environmental footprints ((EFPs): water use, energy use, and greenhouse emissions), and cost. Three optimized diets were derived that meet the nutritional needs of children aged 4–8, 9–13, and 14–18 years, while considering EFPs and cost. Compared to the usual intake, optimized diets included higher intake of vegetables, legumes and dairy, and a decrease in saturated oils, processed meats, sugar, salty snacks, sweets, and sugar-sweetened beverages. Overall, the optimized diets decreased cost by 20% and reduced water use, energy use, and GHG emissions, by 20%, 11%, and 22%, respectively. The proposed models consider various constraints and provide sustainable solutions for decision makers within a country undergoing crises.

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Food Insecurity Pre- and Post the COVID-19 Pandemic and Economic Crisis in Lebanon: Prevalence and Projections

Cited by 46 publications

References 19 publications

Gendered Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Food Behaviors in North Africa: Cases of Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia

Gendered Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Food Behaviors in North Africa: Cases of Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia

Presentations of Routine Dental Interventions in Children over a Six-Year Period

Sustainable, Healthy and Affordable Diets for Children in Lebanon: A Call for Action in Dire Times

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