“…For example, (Hebrok & Boks, 2017) and (Stangherlin & de Barcellos, 2018) identified food waste's main drivers and barriers using an extensive and systematic literature review. Meanwhile, research on the driving factors of household food waste has been extensive (Liegeard & Manning, 2020;Ilakovac, Iličković & Voća, 2018;Xu, Elomri, Pokharel, Zhang, Ming & Liu, 2017;Bernstad, 2014;Ko & Lu, 2020;Börühan & Ozbiltekin-Pala, 2021), followed by research on the driving factors of food waste in restaurants (Chalak, Abou-Daher, Chaaban & Abiad, 2016), food waste in service sectors (Wang, Liu, Liu, Liu, Gao, Zhou et al, 2017), hotels (Kasavan, Mohamed and Abdul-Halim, 2019), and retails (Belavina, Girotra & Kabra, 2017). It should be noted that previous studies have not examined the relationships among the driving factors of food waste in cities in more detail.…”