Foodborne cryptosporidiosis

Ryan, Una; Hijjawi, Nawal; Xiao, Lihua

doi:10.1016/j.ijpara.2017.09.004

Cited by 172 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 173 publications

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“…A large-scale epidemiology study involving 22 500 children in sub-Saharan Africa and south east Asia found that Cryptosporidium was a major cause of severe diarrhoea in very young children and was the only gastrointestinal pathogen presenting a significant risk of death [15]. Cryptosporidium is also recognised as an important food-borne pathogen [8], being responsible for more than 8 million cases of food-borne illness annually [77].…”

Section: Box 1 Impact Of Cryptosporidiosismentioning

confidence: 99%

A One Health Approach to Tackle Cryptosporidiosis

Innes

Chalmers

Wells

et al. 2020

Trends in Parasitology

152

103

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Section: Box 1 Impact Of Cryptosporidiosismentioning

confidence: 99%

A One Health Approach to Tackle Cryptosporidiosis

Innes

Chalmers

Wells

et al. 2020

Trends in Parasitology

152

103

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“…To the best of our knowledge, by the end of 2016, at least 524 waterborne outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis had been reported globally, including drinking and recreational water [16][17][18]. By the end of 2015, at least 26 outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis had been reported to be related to a wide variety of foods, including fruit, vegetables and milk [19]. Therefore, cryptosporidiosis is a globally public health issue, especially waterborne outbreaks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A retrospective epidemiological analysis of human Cryptosporidium infection in China during the past three decades (1987-2018)

et al. 2020

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Background Cryptosporidiosis is an emerging infectious disease of public health significance worldwide. The burden of disease caused by Cryptosporidium varies between and within countries/ areas. To have a comprehensive understanding of epidemiological status and characteristics of human Cryptosporidium infection in China since the first report in 1987, a retrospective epidemiological analysis was conducted by presenting differences in the prevalence of Cryptosporidium by province, year, population, living environment and season and possible transmission routes and risk factors as well as genetic characteristics of Cryptosporidium in humans. Methodology/Principal findings A systematic search was conducted to obtain epidemiological papers of human Cryptosporidium infection/cryptosporidiosis from PubMed and Chinese databases. Finally, 164 papers were included in our analysis. At least 200,054 people from 27 provinces were involved in investigational studies of Cryptosporidium, with an average prevalence of 2.97%. The prevalence changed slightly over time. Variable prevalences were observed: 0.65-11.15% by province, 1.89-47.79% by population, 1.77-12.87% and 0-3.70% in rural and urban areas, respectively. The prevalence peak occurred in summer or autumn. Indirect person-to-person transmission was documented in one outbreak of cryptosporidiosis in a pediatric hospital. 263 Cryptosporidium isolates were obtained, and seven Cryptosporidium species were identified: C. hominis (48.3%), C. andersoni (22.43%), C. parvum (16.7%), C. meleagridis (8.36%), C. felis (3.04%), C. canis (0.76%) and C. suis (0.38%).

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“…The clinical importance of Cryptosporidium spp. was highlighted when this parasite was associated with both waterborne and foodborne outbreaks (Efstratiou et al, 2017;Ryan et al, 2018). Currently, > 30 species have been described and validated (Osman et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium isolates from diarrheal dairy calves in France

Mammeri

Chevillot

Chenafi

et al. 2019

Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports

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A B S T R A C TCryptosporidium is an obligate intracellular protist parasite infecting a wide range of vertebrate hosts and causes significant intestinal disease in both animals and humans, as some species are zoonotic. Cattle and especially calves have been identified as one of the most common reservoirs of this protist. However, little is known about the genetics of Cryptosporidium in calves in some regions of France. The aim of this study was to detect and isolate Cryptosporidium spp. in faecal samples from naturally infected pre-weaned calves (≤45 days-old) in France. A total of 35 diarrhoeic pre-weaned calf faecal samples were collected from 26 dairy cattle farms in six departments (French administrative provinces). Cryptosporidium presence was established by microscopically screening samples for oocystes with an immunofluorescent (DFA) staining method. DFA-positive samples were then analysed by PCR-RFLP and 18S rRNA gene sequencing to determine species. Cryptosporidium parvum-positive samples were subtyped via nested PCR analysis of a partial fragment of the 60 kDa glycoprotein (gp60) gene product. Data were then integrated into phylogenetic tree analysis. DFA revealed the presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts in 31 out of 35 (88%) samples. Combined with 18S rRNA gene analysis results, C. parvum was detected in 30 samples. Subtyping analysis in 27/30 samples (90%) of the C. parvum isolates revealed two zoonotic subtype families, IIa (24/27) and IId (3/27). Four subtypes were recognised within the subtype family IIa, including the hypertransmissible IIaA15G2R1 subtype that is the most frequently reported worldwide (21/ 27), IIaA17G3R1 (1/27), IIaA17G1R1 (1/27), and IIaA19G1R1 (1/27). Two subtypes were recognised within the IId subtype family including IIdA22G1 (2/27) and IIdA27G1 (1/27). These findings illustrate the high occurrence of Cryptosporidium in calves in dairy herds and increase the diversity of molecularly characterised C. parvum isolates with the first description of IIaA17G3R1, IIaA19G1R1, and IId subtypes in France. The presence of zoonotic C. parvum subtype families (IIa, IId) in this study suggests that pre-weaned calves are likely to be a significant reservoir of zoonotic C. parvum, and highlights the importance of animal to human cryptosporidiosis transmission risk. Further molecular studies in calves and small ruminants from other French regions are required to better understand the epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis in France.However, due to strong inter-species similarities in microscopic size and shape, species within this genus require additional identification via genetic characterization. Molecular biology techniques have enabled the description of species that are highly host-specific, as well as others that are capable of infecting many hosts. Cryptosporidium parvum is considered to be the most prevalent species worldwide and a major zoonotic transmission risk (Xiao, 2010). Using molecular approaches to genetically characterise Cryptosporidium spp. has facilitated an

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Foodborne cryptosporidiosis

Cited by 172 publications

References 173 publications

A One Health Approach to Tackle Cryptosporidiosis

A One Health Approach to Tackle Cryptosporidiosis

A retrospective epidemiological analysis of human Cryptosporidium infection in China during the past three decades (1987-2018)

Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium isolates from diarrheal dairy calves in France

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