Foot Care Practices And Its Associated Factors among Type 2 Diabetes Patients attending Health Care Clinics in Kuantan

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetes patients are predisposed to several micro as well as macrovascular complications. One most important and debilitating complication of diabetes are foot problems. However, it is preventable by simple intervention such as foot screening and foot care education to detect early problem so that early intervention can be done. This study aims to assess foot care practice among Type 2 diabetes patient attending primary health clinics in Kuantan. Materials and method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at four primary health clinics in Kuantan involving 450 study participants who were selected by using convenient sampling method. Level of awareness and practice towards diabetic foot care was assessed using validated self-administered questionnaire. Multiple logistic regressions were performed to identify factors associated with foot care practice among the respondents. Results: Mean age of respondents involved was 56.36 (SD±10.9) years. About 59.6 % of respondents had poor foot care practice. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified that, increasing age (aOR 0.97, 95% CI: 0.955-0.993) and good awareness towards foot problem (aOR 0.43, 95%CI: 0.289-0.643) were associated with good foot care practice. However, Malay patients (aOR 1.81, 95% CI: 1.002-3.271) and obese patients (aOR 1.9, 95% CI: 1.225-2.976) were associated with poor foot care practice after controlling other variables. Other factors such as education level, diabetes control as well as overweight did not show any significant association with foot care practice. Conclusion: Based on the result, majority of respondents had poor foot care practice. Poor awareness was associated with poor foot care practice. It can be concluded that sustainable patient education and compliance towards foot care practice at primary care level should be emphasized more to ensure good foot care practice implementation.

Adherence to diabetic foot care recommendations and associated factors among people with diabetes in Eastern Ethiopia: a multicentre cross-sectional study

“…In our study, 44.3% of respondents had inadequate adherence to diabetic foot care recommendations. In comparison with a Malaysian study, the results of this study have lower findings 30. The discrepancy may be caused by variations in the study population, study setting, sample size, sampling technique, study duration and participant ages.…”

“…Compared with those who have inadequate knowledge of diabetic foot care, those who have adequate knowledge were more likely to adhere to recommendations for diabetic foot care. This finding is consistent with the Malaysian study 30. This may be explained by the fact that more awareness will result in meticulous and attentive observation of foot problems, which would lead respondents to have better adherence to diabetic foot care recommendations.…”

“…Compared with participants whose weight was within the normal BMI range, participants in the obese BMI category were more likely to not adhere to the recommendations for diabetic foot care. Our findings were supported by a Malaysian study 30. Patients’ levels of compliance with self-care recommendations, such as diet and exercise regimes, are substantially predicted by their BMI.…”

“…The discrepancy may be caused by variations in the study population, study setting, sample size, sampling technique, study duration and participant ages. Our study included both patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus on follow-up in public hospitals in Eastern Ethiopia, unlike the Malaysian study, which only included patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at follow-up at four primary health clinics 30. Additionally, data were collected from 450 respondents in Malaysia using the universal sampling approach (non-probability method) over a year (December 2017–December 2018), as opposed to 400 respondents in our study who were collected using the systematic sampling method within a single 1-month period.…”

“…Additionally, data were collected from 450 respondents in Malaysia using the universal sampling approach (non-probability method) over a year (December 2017–December 2018), as opposed to 400 respondents in our study who were collected using the systematic sampling method within a single 1-month period. In Malaysia, only 11 questions were used to assess the diabetic foot care recommendations; however, we chose 16 questions that were pertinent to our case 30. The differences in study findings could be explained by these inconsistencies between the two studies.…”