Foot development in childhood and adolescence

Fritz, Bettina; Mauch, Marlene

doi:10.1533/9780857098795.1.49

Cited by 15 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…For example, ill-fitting shoes can cause problems in the maturing foot (Fritz and Mauch, 2013). While not statistically significant, the incidence of Type 2 tended to be higher in females (46.6%) (55/118) than males (39%) (55/141).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Fusion or failure of fusion could be attributable to poor footwear choices and/or types of physical activity. For example, ill-fitting shoes can cause problems in the maturing foot (Fritz and Mauch, 2013). In addition, athletes often have more than one coalition (a bony, cartilaginous or fibrous fusion of two or more bones) in the same foot (Mallina and Giannoudis, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Incidence and anatomical variations of accessory navicular bone in patients with foot pain: A retrospective radiographic analysis

et al. 2017

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The accessory navicular (AN) is an accessory ossicle anatomically located on the medial side of the foot, proximal to the navicular and continuous with the tibialis posterior tendon. It is occasionally a source of pain and local tenderness. Knowledge of the AN and its morphological variations can help identify the source of a patient's symptoms and prevent misinterpreting them as fractures. Foot radiographs from 1,240 patients who presented in two centers with chronic foot pain, or persistent pain developed after trauma, were retrospectively reviewed to determine the incidence and variations of the AN in relation to gender. The AN was found in 20.9% (259/1240). Among 259 feet with AN, Type 1 was identified in 25.4% (66/259), Type 2 in 42.4% (110/259) (20.0% (52/259) Type 2 A and 22.4% (58/259) Type 2B), and Type 3 in 32.0% (83/259). After 13 patients with incomplete medical records had been excluded, the remaining records showed that foot pain was associated with an AN in 10.6% of patients (26/246). In 1.2% of cases, two additional ossicles were found proximal to the navicular, possibly the result of multiple ossification centers that did not unite at the time of development. Patient symptomatology was related to the presence of an AN in 2% of patients with chronic foot pain. The AN could vary morphologically. Our data can enhance our diagnostic skills in detecting these ossicles. Clin. Anat. 30:436-444, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence and anatomical variations of accessory navicular bone in patients with foot pain: A retrospective radiographic analysis

et al. 2017

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“…In order to be able to quantify comfort in children we need a tool that is specific to their cognitive, social and emotional developmental stage as well as their physical development. In children the foot is developing, with softer tissues, varying relative dimensions and requirements for rapid growth [3]. Cognitive, social and emotional development is also rapid, including language comprehension and the child establishing self-identify.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Children should be seen and also heard: an explorative qualitative study into the influences on children's choice of footwear, their perception of comfort and the language they use to describe footwear experiences

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Skidmore

Ratcliffe

et al. 2021

Journal of Foot and Ankle Research

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Background Footwear has an essential role including protection of the feet, overall performance, foot health and potentially, supporting normal development of the foot. In addition to these physical aspects which may influence choice of footwear design, there are psychological influences on what a person chooses to wear. The concept of footwear ‘comfort’ spans physical and psychological perceptions of comfort in adults. However, there is little understanding of what influences children’s footwear choices, how children perceive footwear comfort, or the language used to describe footwear experiences. Therefore, this study aimed to explore these three parameters as the first step to informing the development of a scale to measure footwear comfort in children. Methods A pragmatic qualitative design with thematic analysis as an analytical approach was implemented. Passive observation and short interviews were carried out with 23 children (aged 1–12 years) at a footwear manufactures headquarters and store. Prompts included shoes being tried on and field-notes were taken relating to verbal and non-verbal communication. Field notes were coded then themes were identified, reviewed and named. Results Overall, the children equated comfort to softness. However, influences on footwear choice were multidimensional including aesthetics, psychosocial influences, identified ‘comfort’ and ‘discomfort’ areas, practical issues and predictive concerns; all interacting with the age of the child. Conclusions For children, footwear comfort is a complex phenomenon having physical, cognitive, social and emotional developmental components. This can be seen in how the children perceive the ‘feel’ of the shoe and how the shoe is assessed in the context of how the shoe meets the child’s physical and psychosocial developmental needs. In younger children footwear preference is related to idiosyncratic tastes in aesthetics, physical ability and comfort. As children age, societal influences begin to expand the social function of footwear denoting group membership, to include themes that transcend the functional and social function of footwear. The knowledge from this study can inform the development of age group specific tools to evaluate comfort.

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“…Alongside central neuro-developmental changes, the feet are important structures which support infants to explore, interact and investigate their physical and social environments. The shape, structure and function of the foot continues to change throughout infancy as the foot develops as a weight bearing structure from an organ primarily used for reaching (8,9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanics of the infant foot during the transition to independent walking: A narrative review

et al. 2018

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Recognising structural and functional development of the paediatric foot is fundamental to ensuring a strong theoretical framework for health professionals and scientists. The transition of an infant from sitting to walking takes approximately 9 months and is when the structures and function of the foot must respond to the challenges of bearing load; becoming increasingly more essential for locomotion. Literature pertaining to the phase of development was searched. A narrative approach synthesised the information from papers written in English, with non-symptomatic infant participants up to the development stage of independent walking or two years of age. A range of literature was identified documenting morphological, physiological, neuromuscular and biomechanical aspects of the infant within this phase of development. The progression of variable gait to a regular pattern is documented within a range of studies focusing on neuromuscular control and ambulation development. However, methodological approaches may have compromised the external validity of such data. Additionally, limited consideration for the specific function and development of the foot is evident, despite its role as the primary site of weight bearing and interface with the floor. A lack of consideration of infants prior to ambulation (i.e. before cruising or walking) is also apparent which prevents a reference baseline being used effectively. This review also identifies future research priorities such that a comprehensive understanding of foot development from a non-weight bearing to a weight bearing structure during locomotor advancement can be gained.

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Foot development in childhood and adolescence

Cited by 15 publications

References 29 publications

Incidence and anatomical variations of accessory navicular bone in patients with foot pain: A retrospective radiographic analysis

Incidence and anatomical variations of accessory navicular bone in patients with foot pain: A retrospective radiographic analysis

Children should be seen and also heard: an explorative qualitative study into the influences on children's choice of footwear, their perception of comfort and the language they use to describe footwear experiences

Biomechanics of the infant foot during the transition to independent walking: A narrative review

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