For Debate: May the Use of the Polyene Macrolide Natamycin as a Food Additive Foster Emergence of Polyene-Resistance in Candida Species?

Dalhoff, Axel

doi:10.4172/2327-5073.1000287

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…Sorbic acid is a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA); thus, its metabolism in humans as well as other acids generally shows less toxic effect than benzoic acid [1]. Natamycin (C 33 H 47 NO 13 ) also known as pimaricin is a polyene macrolide with antifungal effects which was generated by aerobic fermentation of Streptomyces natalensis and related species [11,19,21], but inactive against bacteria [22]. It is a white, odorless, and tasteless powder [21] which is considered to be safe in food industry due to its sensitivity to ultraviolet light and acidic pH [22].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Natamycin (C 33 H 47 NO 13 ) also known as pimaricin is a polyene macrolide with antifungal effects which was generated by aerobic fermentation of Streptomyces natalensis and related species [11,19,21], but inactive against bacteria [22]. It is a white, odorless, and tasteless powder [21] which is considered to be safe in food industry due to its sensitivity to ultraviolet light and acidic pH [22]. Its low solubility in water and most organic solvents makes it appropriate for the surface treatment of foods like cheese and Doogh [11,19].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) declared these preservatives as GRAS which can be used in foods on the provision that should be declared on the label, and also, its usage should not be more than maximum permitted level (MPL) (i.e., SB < 0:1%, PS < 0:2%) [15,17,18]. The MPL of natamycin in yoghurt in the USA is 5-10 mg/ L [22]. In the European Union, the MPL of SB and PS in dairy-based drinks is 150 and 300 mg/kg, respectively (European Commission 2008) [15].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microbial and Chemical Characteristics of Doogh (Iranian Fermented Milk Drink)

Mohamadi

Mofid

Zeinali

et al. 2021

International Journal of Food Science

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Background. Regarding the increasing public health concerns about the safety of foodstuffs, the current survey was designed to argue the presence of preservatives (e.g., sodium benzoate (SB), potassium sorbate (PS), and natamycin) and also the level of salt and fungi in 148 samples of yoghurt drink “Doogh.” Methods. The enumeration of fungi and determination of salt content of samples were performed according to the standard procedures. Preservative determination was performed by reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection (RV-HPLC-UV). Results. 0.1% of the total analyzed samples was above the permitted level of Iranian standard for SB (0%), while PS was not detected in any of them. Furthermore, natamycin in 0.11% of the analyzed samples had more than the permissible level of Iranian standard. Additionally, about 15% of the tested samples was higher than the Iranian standard level for fungi (<102 CFU/mL). The average amount of salt in the tested Doogh samples and also in the examined Kefir samples was significantly ( P < 0.001 ) lower than the standard amount of salt (<0.8 g/100). Conclusion. In conclusion, the quality of Doogh and Kefir samples were acceptable in terms of salt content. Kefir had a significantly ( P ≤ 0.001 ) lower amount of salt in comparison with Doogh. Taken together, underlining the results of the present study, no significant public health concern would exist respecting the mentioned additives.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microbial and Chemical Characteristics of Doogh (Iranian Fermented Milk Drink)

Mohamadi

Mofid

Zeinali

et al. 2021

International Journal of Food Science

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Does the use of antifungal agents in agriculture and food foster polyene resistance development? A reason for concern

Dalhoff

2018

Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance

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Biofilms on urban aquatic plastic pollution as a reservoir for pathogenic yeasts

Baker,

Bester,

Sebolai

et al. 2024

Journal of Water and Health

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Pollution of aquatic environments is a concern and poses a health risk to aquatic and terrestrial life. Plastic pollution acts as surfaces to which microorganisms adhere, forming a community known as the plastisphere. Studies investigating the bacterial diversity of the plastisphere are plentiful, but less is known about the fungal communities, especially yeasts, within these biofilms. Given the increasingly recognised threat of yeast infections, it is important to investigate the environmental presence of potential pathogenic yeasts on possible vectors that may contribute to their distribution. In this study, the fungal diversity of the plastisphere of various types of plastic polymers collected from an urban freshwater source was analysed, and possibly pathogenic yeast strains were identified. Isolates were also tested for susceptibility to the antifungal, fluconazole. Microscopic analysis shed light on the overall diversity found in the plastisphere, while metagenomic data revealed that fungal plastisphere communities are dominated by the phylum Ascomycota. Both metagenomic and culture-dependant analysis revealed the presence of possibly pathogenic yeast in the genera Candida (some with low fluconazole susceptibility) and Exophiala. This highlights possibilities that the plastisphere may harbour pathogenic yeasts and could contribute to their distribution in the environment and transmission between the environment and humans.

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For Debate: May the Use of the Polyene Macrolide Natamycin as a Food Additive Foster Emergence of Polyene-Resistance in Candida Species?

Abstract: Natamycin is approved almost worldwide as a food additive for surface treatment of cheese and sausages.

Cited by 3 publications

References 108 publications

Microbial and Chemical Characteristics of Doogh (Iranian Fermented Milk Drink)

Microbial and Chemical Characteristics of Doogh (Iranian Fermented Milk Drink)

Does the use of antifungal agents in agriculture and food foster polyene resistance development? A reason for concern

Biofilms on urban aquatic plastic pollution as a reservoir for pathogenic yeasts

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