Foraging Profile, Activity Budget and Spatial Ecology of Exclusively Natural-Foraging Chacma Baboons (Papio ursinus) on the Cape Peninsula, South Africa

Lewis, Matthew C.; O’Riain, M. Justin

doi:10.1007/s10764-017-9978-5

Cited by 68 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 120 publications

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“…Time-activity budgets [39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54] help to understand the broad behavioural signatures of a species with respect to the amount of time (thus effort) it invests in the display of various behaviours. This involves extensive sampling but is important for understanding the habits of a species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-activity budget of urban-adapted free-ranging dogs

Banerjee

Bhadra

2021

acta ethol

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The domestic dog is known to have evolved from gray wolves, about 15,000 years ago. They majorly exist as free-ranging populations across the world. They are typically scavengers and well adapted to living among humans. Most canids living in and around urban habitats tend to avoid humans and show crepuscular activity peaks. In this study, we carried out a detailed population-level survey on free-ranging dogs in West Bengal, India, to understand the activity patterns of free-ranging dogs in relation to human activity. Using 5669 sightings of dogs, over a period of 1 year, covering the 24 hours of the day, we carried out an analysis of the time activity budget of free-ranging dogs to conclude that they are generalists in their habit. They remain active when humans are active. Their activity levels are affected significantly by age class and time of the day. Multivariate analysis revealed the presence of certain behavioural clusters on the basis of time of the day and energy expenditure in the behaviours. In addition, we provide a detailed ethogram of free-ranging dogs. This, to our knowledge, is the first study of this kind, which might be used to further study the ecoethology of these dogs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-activity budget of urban-adapted free-ranging dogs

Banerjee

Bhadra

2021

acta ethol

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“…The authors concluded that, whereas this particular predation event was opportunistic, chacma baboons do occasionally search actively for both invertebrate and vertebrate prey (Davies & Cowlishaw, ). Chacma baboons in South Africa eat grasshoppers (Orthoptera), shellfish ( Patella granularis ), and shark eggs in the Cape of Good Hope Nature Reserve (Davidge, ; Lewis & O, Riain, ; Lewis, West & O, Riain, ) and those in the Giant's Castle Reserve in the Drakensburg Mountains feed on invertebrates (Whiten et al, ; Whiten et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meat eating in wild hamadryas baboons: Opportunistic trade‐offs between insects and vertebrates

Schreier

Schlaht

Swedell

2019

American J Primatol

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The consumption of meat may provide herbivorous animals with important nutrients that are scarce in their plant-based diet. Seasonal variation in plant food availability has been suggested to motivate dietary flexibility in a range of species and thus primates may seek more prey when key plant resources are unavailable.Alternatively, prey encounter rate may drive meat eating. Here we investigate patterns of meat eating in hamadryas baboons (Papio hamadryas) at Filoha, Awash National Park, Ethiopia. The Filoha baboons rely largely on doum palm fruit (Hyphaene thebaica), which are available most months of the year, and the young leaves of Acacia senegal, which are more abundant during the wet season. We hypothesized that the baboons would consume more meat when H. thebaica and A. senegal were less available, which we tested by comparing meat eating and consumption of these plant food species from March 2005 through February 2006. Our results reveal a high rate of vertebrate meat eating at Filoha (0.028/hour of observation) compared with other hamadryas sites. We found no relationship, however, between meat eating (either insect or vertebrate) and either rainfall or consumption of H. thebaica or A. senegal, indicating that availability of preferred plant resources does not drive meat consumption. Vertebrate consumption and time spent feeding were significantly negatively associated; there was no relationship, however, between the consumption of animal matter and either home range size or daily path length. Vertebrate and insect consumption alternated throughout the year such that the baboons maintained a small amount of animal matter in their diet year-round. Our results suggest that the baboons do not often actively seek animal matter, but consume it opportunistically, with the presence of locust and dragonfly swarms driving insect consumption, and both prey availability and the availability of feeding time shaping vertebrate predation.

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“…Spatial statistics are useful for evaluating the distribution of ecological phenomena and can test hypotheses on how habitat quality influences animal behavior 12–15 . The choice of the scale at which data are recorded defines which spatial structures and patterns (i.e., indicated by spatial autocorrelation) can be detected and the ability to estimate their degree of aggregation (formally defined as the amount of variance explained by the spatial pattern) 16 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial aggregation of fruits explains food selection in a neotropical primate (Alouatta pigra)

Aristizabal

Negrete‐Yankelevich

Macías-Ordóñez

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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The availability and spatial distribution of food resources affect animal behavior and survival. Black howler monkeys (Alouatta pigra) have a foraging strategy to balance their nutrient intake that involves mixing their consumption of leaves and fruits. The spatial aggregation of food items should impact this strategy, but how it does so is largely unknown. We quantified how leaf and fruit intake combined (here termed food set selection) was spatially aggregated in patches and how food aggregation varied across seasons. Using variograms we estimated patch diameter and with Generalized Least Square models determined the effect of food spatial aggregation on food selection. Only fruits were structured in patches in the season of highest availability (dry-season). The patches of food set selection had a diameter between 6.9 and 14 m and were explained by those of mature fruit availability which were between 18 and 19 m in diameter. Our results suggest that the spatial pattern of food selection is influenced by patches of large fruit-bearing trees, not by particular species. Fruit also occur along spatial gradients, but these do not explain food selection, suggesting that howlers maximize food intake in response to local aggregation of fruit that are limiting during certain seasons. We demonstrate how the independent spatial modelling of resources and behavior enables the definition of patches and testing their spatial relationship.

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Foraging Profile, Activity Budget and Spatial Ecology of Exclusively Natural-Foraging Chacma Baboons (Papio ursinus) on the Cape Peninsula, South Africa

Cited by 68 publications

References 120 publications

Time-activity budget of urban-adapted free-ranging dogs

Time-activity budget of urban-adapted free-ranging dogs

Meat eating in wild hamadryas baboons: Opportunistic trade‐offs between insects and vertebrates

Spatial aggregation of fruits explains food selection in a neotropical primate (Alouatta pigra)

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