Force-Time Characteristics of the Sprint Start

Henry, Franklin M.

doi:10.1080/10671188.1952.10624871

Cited by 38 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Thus the use of the elongated start is not recommended for the short distance sprinters. Henry [ 8 ] and Sigerseth and Grinaker [ 16 ] previously found this results and suggested that the pushing time in the elongated start is too large to be regained at 5 and 10 m. Henry [ 8 ] concluded that the bunched start allows obtaining a shorter time at 5 m, but the medium start off ers the best compromise to the sprinter because this advantage of time decreases at 10 m. The present results are in line with this earlier fi nding because at 10 m the medium start allows the sprinter to realize his better performance. However, it is important to note that the medium start was the type of start usually used by all the sprinters tested.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…All the sprinters gave their informed written consent to participate in the study. This study conforms to the recommendations of the Declaration of Helsinki [ 8 ] , and had been approved by the local Ethics Committee.…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Henry [ 8 ] and Sigerseth and Grinaker [ 16 ] found that the medium start is the best compromise because it allowed the sprinters to obtain their best performances at 20 and 50 yards (i.e 18.3 and 46.7 m). According to Kisler [ 10 ] or Henry [ 8 ] the biomechanical tools and the morphology of the sprinter have been considerably modifi ed.…”

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confidence: 98%

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3D Kinematic of Bunched, Medium and Elongated Sprint Start

et al. 2012

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The aim of this study was to test the influence of 3 different horizontal distances between the blocks (bunched, medium and elongated) on the velocity of the centre of mass (VCM) and the kinetic energy (KE) of the body segments and of the whole body. 9 well-trained sprinters performed 4 maximal 10 m sprints. An opto-electronic Motion Analysis® system (12 digital cameras 250 Hz) was used to collect the 3D trajectories of 63 markers during the starting block phase. The results demonstrated that the elongated start, compared to the bunched or medium start, induced an increase of VCM at block clearing (2.89±0.13; 2.76±0.11; 2.84±0.14 m.s - 1) and a decrease of the performance at 5 and 10 m. Both results were explained by a greater pushing time on the blocks in the elongated condition. During the starting block phase, the KE of the whole body was greater in the elongated start (324.3±48.0 J vs. 317.4±57.2 J, bunched and 302.1±53.2 J, medium). This greater KE of the whole body was mainly explained by the KE of the head-trunk segments. Thus, to improve the efficiency of the starting block phase, the athlete must produce greater KE of the head and trunk segments in the shortest time.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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3D Kinematic of Bunched, Medium and Elongated Sprint Start

et al. 2012

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“…In diverse biomechanical studies, the horizontal velocity as the athlete leaves the blocks has been used as the principal criterion for characterizing the quality of the starting action (Henry, 1952;Baumann, 1985;Baumann et al, 1986;Vanegas and Hoshizaki, 1986;Schwirtz et al, 1989). It is well-known that top sprinters have a higher horizontal velocity when starting than poor sprinters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Training of the sprint start technique with biomechanical feedback

Mendoza

Schöllhorn

1993

Journal of Sports Sciences

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The purpose of this study was to improve the individual starting technique of eight top junior sprinters using biomechanical feedback training. Three technical parameters (blocks spacing to the start line, knee angle of the front leg and proportion of body mass falling on the hands) were varied. The horizontal velocity at take-off and the time to 10 m were the criteria used to evaluate the effect of the technical changes. All of the parameters were measured simultaneously and the athletes were provided with feedback immediately after each attempt. Seven of eight sprinters showed a statistically significant improvement in starting performance after modifying the position of their blocks. The improvement in 10-m time and horizontal velocity at take-off did not correlate significantly. The power exerted during the starting action correlated significantly with the time to 10 m. Therefore, it was concluded that effective biomechanical feedback during the training of the sprint start should use power exerted as the principal criterion because horizontal velocity shows an intra-individual optimal trend in improvement.

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“…3,4 In the crouch start, elongated spacing between the front and rear block plates correlate to an increase in the duration of front foot impulse, but also starting velocity. In a study conducted by Henry 5 , a distance of approximately 26 inches, between the feet in a crouched position, produced greater starting velocity than any other distance. Salo and Bezodis 3 determined, however, that the greater horizontal velocity advantage of the standing start was inconsequential to the remainder of the race.…”

Section: The Sprint Startmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Science of Speed: Determinants of Performance in the 100 m Sprint

Majumdar

Robergs

2011

International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching

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Performance in the 100 m sprint is influenced by a multitude of factors including starting strategy, stride length, stride frequency, physiological demands, biomechanics, neural influences, muscle composition, anthropometrics, and track and environmental conditions. The sprint start, the accelerative phase of the race, depends greatly on muscular power. INTRODUCTIONThe shortest existing competition in outdoor track and field running events is the 100 m sprint. As in any sprint race, the primary objective of the 100 m sprint is to cover the designated distance in the shortest time possible. Historically, the race has been recognized as a focal component of track and field, as the man and woman who owns the gender-specific world record in the 100 m sprint also traditionally carries the prominent title of "world's fastest athlete".

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Force-Time Characteristics of the Sprint Start

Cited by 38 publications

References 2 publications

3D Kinematic of Bunched, Medium and Elongated Sprint Start

3D Kinematic of Bunched, Medium and Elongated Sprint Start

Training of the sprint start technique with biomechanical feedback

The Science of Speed: Determinants of Performance in the 100 m Sprint

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