Forced swimming test in rats: effect of desipramine administration and the period of exposure to the test on struggling behavior, swimming, immobility and defecation rate

Armario, Antonio; Gavaldà, Amadeu; Martı́, Octavi

doi:10.1016/0014-2999(88)90068-4

Cited by 137 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Pre-exposure to the same stressor (the initial Porsolt test) in control non-enriched animals led to an exacerbated effect in the second (final) Porsolt test, reflected as an increase in the immobility time. This long-term (10 weeks) effect is similar to that reported over shorter periods immediately before the test or with pretest sessions (Borsini et al, 1989), as well as when studying different parameters like corticosterone levels (Murison et al, 1986), or the effects of antidepressant drugs (Armario et al, 1988;Borsini et al, 1989;Hilakivi et al, 1989). This action is not surprising, as different stressors have been shown inducing pre-exposure-induced response sensitization to similar, less intense stressors (Rau et al, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Antidepressant and Proneurogenic Influence of Environmental Enrichment in Mice: Protective Effects vs Recovery

Llorens‐Martin

Tejeda

Trejo

2011

Neuropsychopharmacol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Physical-cognitive activity has long-lasting beneficial effects on the brain and on behavior. Environmental enrichment (EE) induces brain activity known to influence the behavior of mice, as measured in learned helplessness paradigms (forced swim test), and neurogenic cell populations in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. However, it is not completely clear whether the antidepressant and proneurogenic effects of EE are different in animals that are naive or pre-exposed to the stress inducing helplessness, and if this depends on the type of stressor. It also remains unclear whether differential effects are exerted on distinct neurogenic subpopulations. We found that EE has a protective effect in adult female mice (C57BL/6J) when exposed twice to the same stressor (forced swim test) but it has no influence on recovery. The repeated exposure to this stressor was analyzed together with the effects of EE on different neurogenic populations distinguished by age and differentiation state. Younger cells are more sensitive and responsive to the conditions, both the positive and negative effects. These results are relevant to identify the cell populations that are the targets of stress, depression, and enrichment, and that form part of the mechanism responsible for mood dysfunctions.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Antidepressant and Proneurogenic Influence of Environmental Enrichment in Mice: Protective Effects vs Recovery

Llorens‐Martin

Tejeda

Trejo

2011

Neuropsychopharmacol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The behavioral performance of rats during forced swimming primarily reflects coping strategies in re- sponse to a novel and stressful stimulus (Armario et al 1988;Liebsch et al 1998a;Marti and Armario 1993). In our hands, all rTMS-treated HAB rats adopted a more active coping strategy in that they struggled significantly more than the controls, floated less and took longer to show the first floating reaction.…”

Section: Behavioral Effects Of Rtms: Changes In Stress Coping Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 59%

Neuroendocrine and Behavioral Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in a Psychopathological Animal Model Are Suggestive of Antidepressant-like Effects

Keck

Welt

Post

et al. 2001

Neuropsychopharmacology

129

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Reasons for this remain unclear. It should be noted that robust antidepressant-like effects have been reported following just one exposure in the rat also 290 (Cryan and Lucki, unpublished observations). Some authors have argued that immobility is largely dependent on learning and memory.…”

Section: Widely Used Murine Models Of Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In search of a depressed mouse: utility of models for studying depression-related behavior in genetically modified mice

2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The ability to modify mice genetically has been one of the major breakthroughs in modern medical science affecting every discipline including psychiatry. It is hoped that the application of such technologies will result in the identification of novel targets for the treatment of diseases such as depression and to gain a better understanding of the molecular pathophysiological mechanisms that are regulated by current clinically effective antidepressant medications. The advent of these tools has resulted in the need to adopt, refine and develop mouse-specific models for analyses of depression-like behavior or behavioral patterns modulated by antidepressants. In this review, we will focus on the utility of current models (eg forced swim test, tail suspension test, olfactory bulbectomy, learned helplessness, chronic mild stress, drug-withdrawal-induced anhedonia) and research strategies aimed at investigating novel targets relevant to depression in the mouse. We will focus on key questions that are considered relevant for examining the utility of such models. Further, we describe other avenues of research that may give clues as to whether indeed a genetically modified animal has alterations relevant to clinical depression. We suggest that it is prudent and most appropriate to use convergent tests that draw on different antidepressant-related endophenotypes, and complimentary physiological analyses in order to provide a program of information concerning whether a given phenotype is functionally relevant to depressionrelated pathology.

show abstract

Forced swimming test in rats: effect of desipramine administration and the period of exposure to the test on struggling behavior, swimming, immobility and defecation rate

Cited by 137 publications

References 16 publications

Antidepressant and Proneurogenic Influence of Environmental Enrichment in Mice: Protective Effects vs Recovery

Antidepressant and Proneurogenic Influence of Environmental Enrichment in Mice: Protective Effects vs Recovery

Neuroendocrine and Behavioral Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in a Psychopathological Animal Model Are Suggestive of Antidepressant-like Effects

In search of a depressed mouse: utility of models for studying depression-related behavior in genetically modified mice

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About