Forces at the nanoscale

Open and closed microfluidics for biosensing

“…When an interface exists between a liquid and a solid, the angle between liquid surface and the solid surface is described as contact angle (CA, θ ). Young's equation, which is suitable for the condition when a drop is placed on an ideal rigid, homogeneous, flat solid surface, can be expressed as [ 20 ]. where σ sg , σ sl , , are solid-gas, solid-liquid, and liquid-gas interfacial tension, and Young's contact angle, respectively.…”