“…Alshurafat, Beattie, Jones, & Sands, 2019a, 2019bDuque-Grisales, Aguilera-Caracuel, Guerrero-Villegas, & García-Sánchez, 2020;El Khoury, Nasrallah, & Alareeni, 2021;Galant & Cadez, 2017). Financial disclosure also helps the management of the company identify areas for improvement and assists them to make strategic decisions (Alam, Zhang, & Al Hazaima, 2018;H. Alshurafat, Al-Msiedeen, et al, 2023;Castro, Ramírez, & Escobar, 2021;Crisóstomo, de Souza Freire, & De Vasconcellos, 2011;Desoky, 2020).…”