Forensic importance of maxillary sinus in gender determination: A morphometric analysis from Western Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract

A series of furan-EDOT copolymer films, namely, P(Fu-EDOT), P(Fu-EDOT-Fu) and P(EDOT-Fu-EDOT), were electrochemically synthesized from their corresponding monomers and evaluated as active electrode materials for supercapacitor applications by galvanostatic charge-discharge method. The specific capacitance of these copolymers was calculated to be 65, 46 and 75 F g -1 at a current density of 1 A g -1 , respectively. Besides, their energy density were also investigated. Among them, P(EDOT-Fu-EDOT) exhibited higher specific capacitance and energy density (15 Wh kg −1 at a power density of 0.6 KW kg −1 ) than P(EDOT-Fu) and P(Fu-EDOT-Fu), and also showed a large power range while maintaining a relatively high energy density. These favorable performances make P(EDOT-Fu-EDOT) a promising candidate as electrode material for supercapacitors compared with P(Fu-EDOT-Fu) and P(EDOT-Fu).

Cephalometric Analysis for Gender Determination Using Maxillary Sinus Index: A Novel Dimension in Personal Identification

“…When the skeleton exists completely, sex can be determined with 100% accuracy. The precision rate is 98% in cases of pelvis and cranium, 95% in pelvis and long bones, and 80–90% only with long bones [3, 5]. Gender can be determined by various methodologies such as sexual dimorphism with tooth morphology, pulpal DNA analysis, study of lip prints, palatal rugae, and finger prints and even with radiological techniques by morphometric analysis of paranasal sinuses [1].…”

“…By 12-13 years, the sinus floor is in level with the nasal floor, and by 20 years, with the completion of the eruption of the third molars, the pneumatization of the sinus ends and it reaches 5 mm inferior to the nasal floor. Henceforth, subjects included in the present study were above the age of 20 [3, 5]. …”

“…Maxillary sinuses are two air filled spaces located in the maxillary bone. The apex of the sinuses extends into the zygomatic process occupying the zygomatic bone and the floor is formed by the alveolar process, the first, second, and third molars and the roots of canines may elevate the sinuses or may perforate their floor [ 3 ]. Sinus radiography has been used for identification of skeletal remains and determination of gender.…”

“…Lateral cephalogram plays a predominant role providing architectural and morphological details of the skull, thereby revealing supplementary characteristics and multiple points for comparison. Various researchers have alleged this conventional radiograph as cost effective, easily available, and reliable in providing accuracy of 80–100% [ 1 , 3 , 4 ].…”

3D Evaluation of Maxillary Sinus Using Computed Tomography: A Sexual Dimorphic Study

“…Szilvassy suggested various shapes of maxillary sinus, that is, triangular, leaf, scapular, and renal shaped. It has been reported that triangular sinuses were the most common in both females and males [7]. It varies greatly in size, shape, and position not only in different individuals but also in different sides of the same individuals.…”