Forensic Issues in Cases of Water Birth Fatalities

Byard, Roger W.; Zuccollo, Jane

doi:10.1097/paf.0b013e3181e12eb8

Cited by 24 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Although these risks are similar to the ones found during normal vaginal deliveries, the immersion factor might be responsible to the negative interest many times attributed to water birth (Byard & Zuccollo, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

A Retrospective Study of Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes Following Conventional and Water Birth in Ecuador

Rosales¹,

Ortíz-Prado²,

Alarcón³

et al. 2016

GJHS

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Objectives: Demonstrate maternal and neonatal complications reported in women giving birth in water birth compared to those conventional land births. Methods:An observational retrospective analysis of the incidence of maternal and neonatal outcomes among 358 women who deliver their newborns throughout conventional vaginal delivery and 308 women giving birth in water during 2013 in Quito, Ecuador. Maternal Age, Educational attainment, Neonatal weight, height, APGAR scores, vaginal tearing and the need to resuscitate a newborn were the variables matched for both groups.Results: Among 308 women who were scheduled to deliver their newborns in water, 73% successfully culminate in water vaginal births while 26 % required a C-section. Among the conventional birth group, only 47% ended their pregnancy vaginally as planned and 53% required a C-section.The use of oxytocin (RR: 12.9 CI 7.9 to 20.9 p<0.0001) and intentional episiotomy (RR: 13.9 CI 5.1 to 37.9 p<0.0001) are much higher among conventional birth, however, the risk to have a vaginal tearing during water labor is 3 times higher than conventional birth (RR: 2.9 CI 2.12 to 4.2 p<0.0001). In the conventional delivery cohort 3 neonatal deaths were reported while water birth no deaths reported, however, no causality of these deaths was explored due to the absence of information. Conclusions:We conclude that water birth is an effective method to deliver children as long as there is an adequate understanding of the risk and benefits of this procedure. Planning a water delivery seems to reduce the risk of using prophylactic uterotonic medication, prophylactic episiotomies and to perform unplanned C-sections. Due to higher incidence of vaginal tears, strict perianal protection during the third stage of labor is recommended.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

A Retrospective Study of Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes Following Conventional and Water Birth in Ecuador

Rosales¹,

Ortíz-Prado²,

Alarcón³

et al. 2016

GJHS

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“…Wiąże się również z większym zadowoleniem kobiet w czasie takiego porodu w porównaniu z porodem tradycyjnym [2,7]. are a number of studies indicating the risk of infection, thermoregulatory disorders, respiratory distress and perinatal hypoxia in neonates born in water [10,11,12,13]. The possibility of pulmonary aspiration of water is also concerning [9].…”

Section: W St ę Punclassified

“…The frequency of resuscitation after birth and the necessity of Ostatnio opublikowany raport amerykańskich pediatrów i położników kwestionuje jednakże korzyści pły-nące z takiego porodu dla noworodków [9]. Istnieją również liczne badania wskazujące na ryzyko wystą-pienia infekcji, zaburzeń termoregulacji, zaburzeń oddychania, niedotlenienia okołoporodowego u noworodków po porodzie wodnym [10,11,12,13]. Dyskutowana jest także możliwość aspiracji wody przez dziecko [9].…”

Section: Mat E Ri Al An D Me T H Od Sunclassified

The influence of water birth on newborns' condition in early adaptation period

Szymkowiak

Surmiak

Baumert

et al. 2017

Ann. Acad. Med. Siles.

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WstępW ostatnich latach obserwuje się stały wzrost zainteresowania ciężarnych alternatywnymi technikami porodu. Metodą, która daje kobiecie możliwość przyjmowania dowolnej pozycji w trakcie porodu, a także zmniejsza częstość epizjotomii i ogranicza stosowanie środków przeciwbólowych oraz rozkurczowych, jest immersja wodna. Technika ta wiąże się z lepszą tolerancją bólu u rodzących i prowadzi do skrócenia okresów porodu. Pomimo tych zalet, istnieją liczne badania kwestionujące korzystny wpływ porodu do wody na dobrostan noworodków.Materiał i metodyRetrospektywną analizą objęto 210 noworodków urodzonych w immersji wodnej i 412 noworodków urodzonych metodą tradycyjną na Oddziale Neonatologii w Katowicach w okresie od stycznia 2012 do grudnia 2013 r.WynikiPierwszy i drugi okres porodu u kobiet rodzących w immersji wodnej był istotnie krótszy w porównaniu z czasem porodu kobiet rodzących metodą tradycyjną. U dzieci z porodu wodnego istotnie rzadziej stwierdzano sinicę wybroczynową twarzy w porównaniu z noworodkami z grupy kontrolnej. Nie wykazano różnic w częstości występowania zaburzeń okresu adaptacyjnego oraz trudności w karmieniu piersią pomiędzy analizowanymi noworodkami. Częstość występowania krwawień do- i okołokomorowych, krwawień do nadnerczy, zamartwicy urodzeniowej, a także konieczność prowadzenia zabiegów resuscytacyjnych po porodzie nie różniły się pomiędzy dziećmi z obu grup.WnioskiPoród w immersji wodnej związany jest z istotnym skróceniem poszczególnych okresów porodu. Nie zwiększa prawdopodobieństwa wystąpienia u noworodków zaburzeń okresu adaptacyjnego.

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“…Subsequently, a study by Byard and Zuccollo reported 4 cases of severe respiratory distress in neonates after water birth, 1 of whom died of overwhelming sepsis from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 19 Although it has been claimed that neonates delivered into the water do not breathe, gasp, or swallow water because of the protective "diving reflex," studies in experimental animals and a vast body of literature from meconium aspiration syndrome demonstrate that, in compromised fetuses and neonates, the diving reflex is overridden, 27,28 which leads potentially to gasping and aspiration of the surrounding fluid.…”

Section: Reported Complications From Immersion During Labor and Deliverymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Individual case reports and case series have noted complications for the mother and the neonate [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] that highlight potential risks from immersion during labor and delivery. Because the denominators are not uniformly reported, the exact incidence of complications is difficult to assess.…”

Section: Reported Complications From Immersion During Labor and Deliverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Immersion in Water During Labor and Delivery

Newborn¹

2014

Pediatrics

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Immersion in water has been suggested as a beneficial alternative for labor, delivery, or both and over the past decades has gained popularity in many parts of the world. Immersion in water during the first stage of labor may be associated with decreased pain or use of anesthesia and decreased duration of labor. However, there is no evidence that immersion in water during the first stage of labor otherwise improves perinatal outcomes, and it should not prevent or inhibit other elements of care. The safety and efficacy of immersion in water during the second stage of labor have not been established, and immersion in water during the second stage of labor has not been associated with maternal or fetal benefit. Given these facts and case reports of rare but serious adverse effects in the newborn, the practice of immersion in the second stage of labor (underwater delivery) should be considered an experimental procedure that only should be performed within the context of an appropriately designed clinical trial with informed consent. Facilities that plan to offer immersion in the first stage of labor need to establish rigorous protocols for candidate selection, maintenance and cleaning of tubs and immersion pools, infection control procedures, monitoring of mothers and fetuses at appropriate intervals while immersed, and immediately and safely moving women out of the tubs if maternal or fetal concerns develop. Pediatrics 2014;133:758-761 INTRODUCTIONImmersion in water has been suggested as a beneficial alternative for labor, delivery, or both and over the past decades has gained popularity in many parts of world. [1][2][3][4] Approximately 1% of births in the United Kingdom include at least a period of immersion, 5 and a 2006 joint statement from the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Royal College of Midwives supported immersion in water during labor for healthy women with uncomplicated pregnancies and stated that to achieve best practice with water birth, it is necessary for organizations to provide systems and structure to support this service. 6 The prevalence of this practice in the United States is unknown, because such data are not collected as part of

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Forensic Issues in Cases of Water Birth Fatalities

Cited by 24 publications

References 11 publications

A Retrospective Study of Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes Following Conventional and Water Birth in Ecuador

A Retrospective Study of Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes Following Conventional and Water Birth in Ecuador

The influence of water birth on newborns' condition in early adaptation period

Immersion in Water During Labor and Delivery

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