Forest Canopy Hydraulics

Woodruff, David R.; Meinzer, Frederick C.; McCulloh, Katherine A.

doi:10.1007/978-94-017-7291-4_7

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 205 publications

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“…The success of flowering plants correlates with the evolution of anatomical innovations that improved their physiological performance in different environmental scenarios, such as leaf reticulate venation and large xylem vessels (Zwieniecki and Boyce, ; Boyce and Lee, ). Woody lineages are particularly interesting due to their ecological relevance, but most anatomical studies have focused on xylem and the physiology of water transport toward the top of the trees (Gleason et al., ; Woodruff et al., ; Olson et al., ). In contrast, only a few recent studies have dealt with the implications of phloem scaling in canopy‐dominant woody angiosperms (Savage et al., ).…”

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confidence: 99%

Scaling of phloem hydraulic resistance in stems and leaves of the understory angiosperm shrub Illicium parviflorum

Losada

Holbrook

2019

American J of Botany

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Citation: Losada, J. M. and N. M. Holbrook. 2019. Scaling of phloem hydraulic resistance in stems and leaves of the understory angiosperm shrub Illicium parviflorum. American Journal of Botany 106(2): 244-259. PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Recent studies in canopy-dominant trees revealed axial scaling of phloem structure. However, whether this pattern is found in woody plants of the understory, the environment of most angiosperms from the ANA grade (Amborellales-Nymphaeales-Austrobaileyales), is unknown. METHODS:We used seedlings and adult plants of the understory tropical shrub Illicium parviflorum, a member of the lineage Austrobaileyales, to explore the anatomy and physiology of the phloem in their aerial parts, including changes through ontogeny.KEY RESULTS: Adult plants maintain a similar proportion of phloem tissue across stem diameters, but larger conduit dimensions and number cause the hydraulic resistance of the phloem to decrease toward the base of the plant. Small sieve plate pores resulted in an overall higher sieve tube hydraulic resistance than has been reported in other woody angiosperms. Sieve elements increase in size from minor to major leaf veins, but were shorter and narrower in petioles. The low carbon assimilation rates of seedlings and mature plants contrasted with a 3-fold higher phloem sap velocity in seedlings, suggesting that phloem transport velocity is modulated through ontogeny. CONCLUSIONS:The overall architecture of the phloem tissue in this understory angiosperm shrub scales in a manner consistent with taller trees that make up the forest canopy. Thus, the evolution of larger sieve plate pores in canopy-dominant trees may have played a key role in allowing woody angiosperms to extend beyond their understory origins.

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confidence: 99%

Scaling of phloem hydraulic resistance in stems and leaves of the understory angiosperm shrub Illicium parviflorum

Losada

Holbrook

2019

American J of Botany

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“…If true, this could potentially make variance in sapwood physiology a driver of community composition in living tissues. As trees can alter sap-flow in response to seasonal variation, age, and disease 98 , community connectivity and similarity may shift in response to these conditions as well. Since resistance to hydraulic flow varies across the different architectures of a tree, like its roots and branches 99 , differences in relative resistance to flow may help explain why regions still appear somewhat specialized despite overarching connectivity.…”

Section: The Wood Microbiome Is Distinct Amongst Other Tree-related M...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A diverse and distinct microbiome inside living trees

Arnold,

Gewirtzman,

Raymond

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Despite significant advances in microbiome research across various environments1, the microbiome of Earth’s largest biomass reservoir– the wood of living trees2– remains largely unexplored. This oversight neglects a critical aspect of global biodiversity and potentially key players in tree health and forest ecosystem functions. Here we illuminate the microbiome inhabiting and adapted to wood, and further specialized to individual host species. We demonstrate that a single tree can host approximately a trillion microbes in its aboveground internal tissues, with microbial communities partitioned between heartwood and sapwood, each maintaining a distinct microbiome with minimal similarity to other plant tissues or nearby ecosystem components. Notably, the heartwood microbiome emerges as a unique ecological niche, distinguished in part by endemic archaea and anaerobic bacteria that drive consequential biogeochemical processes. Our research supports the emerging idea of a plant as a “holobiont”3,4—a single ecological unit comprising host and associated microorganisms—and parallels human microbiome research in its implications for host health, disease, and functionality5. By mapping the structure, composition, and potential sources and functions of the tree internal microbiome, our findings pave the way for novel insights into tree physiology and forest ecology, and establish a new frontier in environmental microbiology.

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“…Dentre os genótipos analisados, verificou-se significativa diferença no número e diâmetro de vasos do xilema, características que determinaram uma maior condutância hidráulica teórica (Kh) e a maior e perda percentual de condutividade em ramos de 'Montclar', que se mostrou mais suscetível a efeitos de Os processos fisiológicos nas folhas são altamente dependentes da água devido às atividades básicas da fotossíntese. A falta de água implica no fechamento estomático, redução da absorção de CO2, regulação da atividade enzimática, transporte de íons e açúcares, e regulação térmica (WOODRUFF; MEINZER; MCCULLOH, 2016). O transporte da água é realizado das raízes para o dossel das plantas pelos vasos funcionais do xilema, através de um gradiente de pressão impulsionado pela evapotranspiração (BOUDA et al, 2019;BRODERSEN et al, 2019;WASON et al, 2021) e também pelos fatores ligados à teoria da Tensão-Coesão proposta por Dixon (BRODRIBB, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Caracteristicas dos vasos do xilema e perda de condutividade hidráulica de quatro porta-enxertos de pessegueiros

De Aguiar Júnior,

Canul,

Schiavon

et al. 2023

OLEL

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A água é um dos principais fatores para o crescimento e desenvolvimento de plantas, sendo os vasos do xilema os dutos responsáveis pelo seu transporte das raízes até a parte aérea das plantas. A característica dos vasos do xilema do porta-enxerto pode influenciar a formação dos vasos condutores das cultivares copa, bem como a condutividade hidráulica da planta para suprir a eficiência no transporte de água. O objetivo desse estudo foi caracterizar os vasos do xilema de ramos de quatro genótipos de Prunus ssp., utilizados como porta-enxertos. Foi determinada a perda percentual de condutividade hidráulica, quantificando o número, o diâmetro e a frequência da distribuição de vasos do xilema em cinco classes de diâmetros (< 15; 15 – 30; 30 – 45; > 45 µm), estimando-se a condutância hidráulica teórica. Dentre os genótipos analisados, verificou-se significativa diferença no número e diâmetro de vasos do xilema, características que determinaram uma maior condutância hidráulica teórica (Kh) e a maior e perda percentual de condutividade em ramos de ‘Montclar’, que se mostrou mais suscetível a efeitos de embolia. ‘Capdeboscq’ apresentou a maior média de vasos com diâmetro inferior a 15 μm e junto com ‘Okinawa’ apresentaram as menores médias de Kh e de PLC nos ramos. Ambos genótipos apresentaram maior frequência de diâmetro de vasos de xilema entre 15 e 30 um, mitigando efeitos relacionados a embolia. As características dos vasos do xilema dos porta-enxertos podem ter um impacto significativo na capacidade de transporte de água das plantas, sendo importante considerar essas variáveis para selecionar e utilizar porta-enxertos em cultivos de Prunus ssp.

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Forest Canopy Hydraulics

Cited by 10 publications

References 205 publications

Scaling of phloem hydraulic resistance in stems and leaves of the understory angiosperm shrub Illicium parviflorum

Scaling of phloem hydraulic resistance in stems and leaves of the understory angiosperm shrub Illicium parviflorum

A diverse and distinct microbiome inside living trees

Caracteristicas dos vasos do xilema e perda de condutividade hidráulica de quatro porta-enxertos de pessegueiros

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