Forest management impacts on capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) habitat distribution and connectivity in the Carpathians

Mikoláš, Martin; Tejkal, Martin; Kuemmerle, Tobias; Griffiths, Patrick; Svoboda, Miroslav; Hlásny, Tomáš; Leitão, Pedro J.; Morrissey, Robert C.

doi:10.1007/s10980-016-0433-3

Cited by 47 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…Even this little share of undisturbed forest is heavily fragmented as virtually no intact forest landscapes >500 km 2 exist outside European Russia and boreal northern Europe (Potapov et al, 2017). Finally, although some Eastern European countries may still contain relatively large areas of primary forests (Frank et al, 2007;Kulakowski et al, 2017), these remain often unmapped and unprotected and are being lost at an alarming rate (Chylarecki & Selva, 2016;Knorn et al, 2013;Mikoláš et al, 2017).…”

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confidence: 99%

Where are Europe’s last primary forests?

Sabatini

Burrascano

Keeton

et al. 2018

Diversity and Distributions

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Aim Primary forests have high conservation value but are rare in Europe due to historic land use. Yet many primary forest patches remain unmapped, and it is unclear to what extent they are effectively protected. Our aim was to (1) compile the most comprehensive European‐scale map of currently known primary forests, (2) analyse the spatial determinants characterizing their location and (3) locate areas where so far unmapped primary forests likely occur. Location Europe. Methods We aggregated data from a literature review, online questionnaires and 32 datasets of primary forests. We used boosted regression trees to explore which biophysical, socio‐economic and forest‐related variables explain the current distribution of primary forests. Finally, we predicted and mapped the relative likelihood of primary forest occurrence at a 1‐km resolution across Europe. Results Data on primary forests were frequently incomplete or inconsistent among countries. Known primary forests covered 1.4 Mha in 32 countries (0.7% of Europe’s forest area). Most of these forests were protected (89%), but only 46% of them strictly. Primary forests mostly occurred in mountain and boreal areas and were unevenly distributed across countries, biogeographical regions and forest types. Unmapped primary forests likely occur in the least accessible and populated areas, where forests cover a greater share of land, but wood demand historically has been low. Main conclusions Despite their outstanding conservation value, primary forests are rare and their current distribution is the result of centuries of land use and forest management. The conservation outlook for primary forests is uncertain as many are not strictly protected and most are small and fragmented, making them prone to extinction debt and human disturbance. Predicting where unmapped primary forests likely occur could guide conservation efforts, especially in Eastern Europe where large areas of primary forest still exist but are being lost at an alarming pace.

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confidence: 99%

Where are Europe’s last primary forests?

Sabatini

Burrascano

Keeton

et al. 2018

Diversity and Distributions

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331

260

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“…GAMs have been widely applied to investigate nonlinear relationships between dependent and non-explanatory variables in various fields of study such as plant and aquatic ecology (e.g., [58]) and water quality (e.g., [59]), as well as for nonlinear relationships among biotic and bon-biotic variables in environmental settings due to complex interactions between environmental factors. Many studies have identified nonlinear relationships among components of forest ecosystems (e.g., [3,50,[60][61][62][63][64][65]). In particular, Lee et al [3] reported that burn severity might be related to topographic characteristics such as elevation and slope.…”

Section: Linear and Nonlinear Model Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complex Relationships of the Effects of Topographic Characteristics and Susceptible Tree Cover on Burn Severity

2018

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Forest fires and burn severity mosaics have profound impacts on the post-fire dynamics and complexity of forest ecosystems. Numerous studies have investigated the relationship between topographic variables and susceptible tree covers with regard to burn severity. However, these relationships have not been fully elucidated, because most studies have assumed linearity in these relationships. Therefore, we examined the linearity and the nonlinearity in the relationships between topographic variables and susceptible tree covers with burn severity by comparing linear and nonlinear models. The site of the Samcheok fire, the largest recorded forest fire in Korea, was used as the study area. We generated 802 grid cells with a 500-m resolution that encompassed the entire study area and collected a dataset that included the topographic variables and percentage of red pine trees, which are the most susceptible tree cover types in Korea. We used conventional linear models and generalized additive models to estimate the linear and the nonlinear models based on topographic variables and Japanese red pine trees. The results revealed that the percentage of red pine trees had linear effects on burn severity, reinforcing the importance of silviculture and forest management to lower burn severity. Meanwhile, the topographic variables had nonlinear effects on burn severity. Among the topographic variables, elevation had the strongest nonlinear effect on burn severity, possibly by overriding the effects of susceptible fuels over elevation effects or due to the nonlinear effects of topographic characteristics on pre-fire fuel conditions, including the spatial distribution and availability of susceptible tree cover. To validate and generalize the nonlinear effects of elevation and other topographic variables, additional research is required at different fire sites with different tree cover types in different geographic locations.

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“…These forests, however, have declined over recent centuries due to deforestation until around 1800, and since then due to conversion to conifer‐dominated ( Pinus sylvestris , Picea abies ) plantations (Dirkx, ; Schelhaas, Nabuurs, & Schuck, ). Historic deforestation and degradation have recently been reinforced by large‐scale clear‐cutting of old‐growth beech forests in regions that, until recently, were rather unaffected (e.g., in the Carpathians; Vanonckelen & Van Rompaey, ; Mikoláš et al, ). Since the distribution of European beech is restricted to the temperate zone of Europe, the EU has acknowledged its global responsibility by listing several types of beech forest as Natura 2000 habitats (Council of the European Union, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arthropod communities in fungal fruitbodies are weakly structured by climate and biogeography across European beech forests

Frieß

Müller

Aramendi³

et al. 2019

Diversity and Distributions

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Aim:The tinder fungus Fomes fomentarius is a pivotal wood decomposer in European beech Fagus sylvatica forests. The fungus, however, has regionally declined due to centuries of logging. To unravel biogeographical drivers of arthropod communities associated with this fungus, we investigated how space, climate and habitat amount structure alpha and beta diversity of arthropod communities in fruitbodies of F. fomentarius.Location: Temperate zone of Europe. Taxon: Arthropods.Methods: We reared arthropods from fruitbodies sampled from 61 sites throughout the range of European beech and identified 13 orders taxonomically or by metabarcoding. We estimated the total number of species occurring in fruitbodies of F. fomentarius in European beech forests using the Chao2 estimator and determined the relative importance of space, climate and habitat amount by hierarchical partitioning for alpha diversity and generalized dissimilarity models for beta diversity. A subset of fungi samples was sequenced for identification of the fungus' genetic structure. Results:The total number of arthropod species occurring in fruitbodies of F. fomentarius across European beech forests was estimated to be 600. Alpha diversity increased with increasing fruitbody biomass; it decreased with increasing longitude, temperature and latitude. Beta diversity was mainly composed by turnover. Patterns of beta diversity were only weakly linked to space and the overall explanatory power was low. We could distinguish two genotypes of F. fomentarius, which showed no spatial structuring. Main conclusion:Fomes fomentarius hosts a large number of arthropods in European beech forests. The low biogeographical and climatic structure of the communities suggests that fruitbodies represent a habitat that offers similar conditions across large gradients of climate and space, but are characterized by high local variability in community composition and colonized by species with high dispersal ability. For European beech forests, retention of trees with F. fomentarius and promoting its recolonization where it had declined seems a promising conservation strategy. K E Y W O R D Sdead wood,

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Forest management impacts on capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) habitat distribution and connectivity in the Carpathians

Cited by 47 publications

References 97 publications

Where are Europe’s last primary forests?

Where are Europe’s last primary forests?

Complex Relationships of the Effects of Topographic Characteristics and Susceptible Tree Cover on Burn Severity

Arthropod communities in fungal fruitbodies are weakly structured by climate and biogeography across European beech forests

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