Form and function of the Golgi apparatus: scaffolds, cytoskeleton and signalling

Kulkarni-Gosavi, Prajakta; Makhoul, Christian; Gleeson, Paul A.

doi:10.1002/1873-3468.13567

Cited by 83 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 151 publications

(221 reference statements)

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“…Even in cells with compact, peri-nuclear GA morphology, it progressively changes into a dispersed morphology during mitosis, and reverses after (Ayala and Colanzi 2017). In all of these cases, the dispersed Golgi functions fully as part of the secretory pathway, in a manner similar to intact, perinuclear GA. As others have proposed (Makhoul, Gosavi et al 2018, Kulkarni-Gosavi, Makhoul et al 2019 dispersed GA can function as a separate Golgi state, and a dispersed morphology appears to have functional advantages in the cell types where it is found.…”

Section: Is "Fragmented" Ga In Neurons a Second Functional Ga State?mentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Second, Golgi membranes serve as local organizers of the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton (Ravichandran, Goud et al 2020), which would be critical for the placement and regulation of vesicle trafficking into and out of the postsynaptic membrane. Third, Golgi membranes can act as local signaling scaffolds for the integration of signaling from local domains (Makhoul, Gosavi et al 2018, Kulkarni-Gosavi, Makhoul et al 2019.…”

Section: Dispersed Golgi Membranes In Dendritic Local Secretory Unitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nicotine exposure and neuronal activity regulate Golgi membrane dispersal and distribution

Govind

Jeyifous

Russell

et al. 2020

Preprint

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How nicotine exposure produces long-lasting changes that remodel neural circuits with addiction is unknown. Here, we report that long-term nicotine exposure alters the trafficking of a4b2-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (a4b2Rs) by dispersing and redistributing the Golgi apparatus. In cultured neurons, dispersed Golgi membranes were distributed throughout somata, dendrites and axons. Small, mobile vesicles in dendrites and axons lacked standard Golgi markers and were identified by other Golgi enzymes that modify glycans. Nicotine exposure increased levels of dispersed Golgi membranes, which required a4b2R expression. Similar nicotine-induced changes occurred in vivo at dopaminergic neurons at mouse nucleus accumbens terminals, consistent with these events contributing to nicotine's addictive effects. Characterization in vitro demonstrated that dispersal was reversible, that dispersed Golgi membranes were functional, and that membranes were heterogenous in size, with smaller vesicles emerging from larger "ministacks", similar to Golgi dispersal induced by nocadazole. Protocols that increased cultured neuronal synaptic excitability also increased Golgi dispersal, without the requirement of a4b2R expression. Our findings reveal novel activity-and nicotine-dependent changes in neuronal intracellular morphology. These changes regulate levels and location of dispersed Golgi membranes at dendrites and axons, which function in local trafficking at subdomains.

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Section: Is "Fragmented" Ga In Neurons a Second Functional Ga State?mentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Dispersed Golgi Membranes In Dendritic Local Secretory Unitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotine exposure and neuronal activity regulate Golgi membrane dispersal and distribution

Govind

Jeyifous

Russell

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Golgins are proteins associated to the Golgi complex, with roles in intracellular membrane transport and maintenance of the Golgi complex structure (Kulkarni-Gosavi et al, 2019;Muschalik and Munro, 2018). The molecular mechanisms underlying these functions are just starting to emerge.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PARP12-catalyzed mono-ADP-ribosylation of Golgin-97 controls the transport of E-cadherin

Grimaldi

Schembri

et al. 2020

Preprint

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ADP-ribosylation is a post-translational modification involved in physiological and pathological events catalyzed by Poly-ADP-Ribosyl-Polymerase (PARP) enzymes. Substrates of this reaction have been identified by mass-spectrometry, but the definition of PARPs-regulated cellular functions remains scarce. Here, we have analyzed the control of intracellular membrane traffic by the mono-ADP-ribosyl-transferase PARP12, motivated by its localization at the trans-Golgi network. By using bioinformatics, mutagenesis and cell biology approaches we identified Golgin-97, a protein regulating exocytosis, as a PARP12-specific substrate. Mono-ADP-ribosylation of Golgin-97 residues E558-E559-E565 is required for supporting traffic from the trans-Golgi network to the plasma membrane. This step is halted when PARP12 is deleted or when the Golgin-97 ADPribosylation-defective mutant is expressed. Under these conditions E-cadherin, whose transport is controlled by Golgin-97, does not reach the plasma membrane but accumulates in a trans-Golgi proximal compartment. Thus, we demonstrate that the ADP-ribosylation of Golgin-97 is required for E-cadherin exocytosis and thus this event may regulate the sorting of exocytic carriers as well as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition.

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“…Other functions include mitosis, DNA repair, stress responses, Ca 2+ homeostasis ( Zhang et al, 2020 ), lysosome production ( Nakano and Luini, 2010 ), autophagy, apoptosis, inflammation, and prostaglandin synthesis ( Smith and Malkowski, 2019 ). The Golgi apparatus also interacts with the microtubule and actin networks ( Kulkarni-Gosavi et al, 2019 ). It is a central meeting point for the endocytotic and exocytotic systems in eukaryotic cells ( Barlow et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Basic Mechanisms In Ca 2+ Homeostasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Two Undervalued Functions of the Golgi Apparatus: Removal of Excess Ca2+ and Biosynthesis of Farnesol-Like Sesquiterpenoids, Possibly as Ca2+-Pump Agonists and Membrane “Fluidizers–Plasticizers”

Loof

Schoofs

2020

Front. Physiol.

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The extensive literature dealing with the Golgi system emphasizes its role in protein secretion and modification, usually without specifying from which evolutionary ancient cell physiological necessity such secretion originated. Neither does it specify which functional requirements the secreted proteins must meet. From a reinterpretation of some classical and recent data gained mainly, but not exclusively, from (insect) endocrinology, the view emerged that the likely primordial function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)-Golgi complex in all eukaryotes was not the secretion of any type of protein but the removal of toxic excess Ca 2+ from the cytoplasm. Such activity requires the concurrent secretion of large amounts of Ca 2+-carrying/transporting proteins acting as a micro-conveyor belt system inside the RER-Golgi. Thus, (fitness increasing) protein secretion is subordinate to Ca 2+ removal. Milk with its high content of protein and Ca 2+ (60-90 mM vs. 100 nM in unstimulated mammary gland cells) is an extreme example. The sarco(endo)plasmatic reticulum Ca 2+-ATPases (SERCAs) and SPCA1a Ca 2+ /Mn 2+ transport ATPases are major players in Ca 2+ removal through the Golgi. Both are blocked by the sesquiterpenoid thapsigargin. This strengthens the hypothesis (2014) that endogenous farnesol-like sesquiterpenoids (FLSs) may act as the long sought for but still unidentified agonist(s) for Ca 2+-pumps in both the ER and Golgi. A second putative function also emerges. The fusion of both the incoming and outgoing transport vesicles, respectively, at the cis-and trans-side of Golgi stacks, with the membrane system requiring high flexibility and fast self-closing of the involved membranes. These properties may-possibly partially-be controlled by endogenous hydrophobic membrane "fluidizers" for which FLSs are prime candidates. A recent reexamination of unexplained classical data suggests that they are likely synthesized by the Golgi itself. This game-changing hypothesis is endorsed by several arguments and data, some of which date from 1964, that the insect corpus allatum (CA), which is the major production site of farnesol-esters, has active Golgi systems. Thus, in addition to

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Form and function of the Golgi apparatus: scaffolds, cytoskeleton and signalling

Cited by 83 publications

References 151 publications

Nicotine exposure and neuronal activity regulate Golgi membrane dispersal and distribution

Nicotine exposure and neuronal activity regulate Golgi membrane dispersal and distribution

PARP12-catalyzed mono-ADP-ribosylation of Golgin-97 controls the transport of E-cadherin

Two Undervalued Functions of the Golgi Apparatus: Removal of Excess Ca2+ and Biosynthesis of Farnesol-Like Sesquiterpenoids, Possibly as Ca2+-Pump Agonists and Membrane “Fluidizers–Plasticizers”

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