Forma e tamanho dos frutos de pinhão-manso durante a secagem em cinco condições de ar

Abstract

R ESU M OCom base na necessidade de combustíveis que substituam o petróleo, do destaque do pinhão-manso na produção de biodiesel e da necessidade de construção e aperfeiçoamento dos equipamentos utilizados nas fases de colheita e pós-colheita desta cultura objetivou-se, com o presente trabalho, determinar a forma e o tamanho dos frutos de pinhão-manso durante a secagem em cinco condições de ar. Os frutos colhidos manualmente com o teor de água de 4,40 (kg de água por kg de matéria seca) foram submetidos a secagem em estufa com circulação de ar forçada em cinco condições de temperatura, 45, 60, 75, 90 e 105 °C, e umidades relativas de 14,5; 7,4; 3,8; 2,2 e 1,4%, respectivamente, até atingir teor de água de 0,10 ± 0,007 (kg kg -1 de matéria seca). Foram determinados circularidade, esfericidade, volume, área superficial, área projetada e relação superfície-volume, ao longo da secagem. Conclui-se que a redução do teor de água e as condições de secagem alteram a forma e reduzem o tamanho dos frutos de pinhão-manso sendo possível ajustar uma única equação aos dados experimentais do volume e da área superficial dos frutos de pinhão-manso ao longo da secagem, em diversas temperaturas.Palavras-chave: biodiesel, pós-colheita, Jatropha curcas L., teor de água Shape and size of Jatropha fruit during drying under five ambient conditions A B ST R A C T Due to the need for substitution of fuel oil, the importance of Jatropha for biodiesel and the need for construction and improvements of the equipment used during harvest and postharvest of this crop, this research aimed to determine the shape and the size of Jatropha fruit during drying under five ambient conditions. The fruits harvested manually with moisture content of 4.40 kg kg -1 dry matter were dried in an oven with forced air ventilation in five temperature conditions: 45, 60, 75, 90 and 105 °C and relative humidities of 14.5, 7.4, 3.8, 2.2 and 1.4% respectively, until moisture content of 0.10 ± 0.007 (kg kg -1 dry matter). The roundness, sphericity, volume, surface area, projected area and surface-volume ratio were determined during drying. It is concluded that the reduction of the moisture content and the drying conditions alter the shape and reduce the size of the fruit of Jatropha, being possible to adjust a single equation to the experimental data of volume and surface area of the fruit of Jatropha during drying at different temperatures.

Physical properties of safflower grains. Part I: Geometric and gravimetric characteristics

“…The greater reduction in the width axis in comparison to the length caused a decrease in the circularity of safflower grains during the drying. A similar trend of circularity was observed by Siqueira et al (2012b) in jatropha fruits and by Goneli et al (2011) in castor bean fruits.…”

“…A similar trend for the sphericity during the drying has also been reported for other species, such as peanut grains (Araujo et al, 2014), jatropha fruits (Siqueira et al, 2012b) and castor bean fruits (Goneli et al, 2011). The circularity and sphericity of safflower grains showed values below 70% and cannot be classified as either circular or spherical.…”

“…This trend can be explained by the fact that safflower grains suffer reduction in their characteristic dimensions during the drying process (Table 1). The reduction in the projected area during the drying for agricultural products has been observed by many authors for various products (Dursun et al, 2007;Guedes et al, 2011;Siqueira et al, 2012b;Araujo et al, 2014). The surface area of safflower grains decreased along the drying process, as illustrated in Figure 4A, a trend also observed for peanut grains (Araujo et al, 2014), jatropha fruits (Siqueira et al, 2012b), melon seeds (Bande et al, 2012) and rice grains (Kibar et al, 2010).…”

Physical properties of safflower grains. Part II: Volumetric shrinkage

“…The values of the mean relative error (P, in %) and standard deviation of the mean (SE, decimal) were calculated according to Eqs. 11 and 12: (12) peanut Goneli et al, 2008;Kibar et al, 2010;Siqueira et al, 2012b;Araújo et al, 2014). Commonly, this fact is related to the more or less intense reduction of the parameters relative to the size of the product, more specifically of its perpendicular axes, referring to its length, width and thickness, as already confirmed by Botelho et al (2016), for example, in coffee fruits.…”

Space-Time Dependence of Jatropha Growth Parameters Grown in Brazilian Semiarid

“…Several studies are being conducted in order to evaluate the productive capacity of jatropha in Brazil (HORSCHUTZ et al, 2012;SIQUEIRA et al, 2012;VERAS et al, 2011;NERY et al, 2009;NERY et al, 2013). Despite the species great production potential in the country semiarid region (DRUMOND et al, 2010), the lack of research results on its cultivation is still great, especially in relation to the spatial dependence of its growth characteristics, such as stem diameter and plant height.…”