Formal Approach and Automated Tool for Translating ER Schemata into OWL Ontologies

Transformation Rules for Building Owl Ontologies from Relational Databases

“…However, some existing methods [5], [7], [9], [10], [11] use the conceptual data model as a source of ontology learning, because it is semantically richer than the relational model. Unfortunately, in the most cases, the databases are available in a physical format (the corresponding conceptual data model is not available).…”

“…The multiple inheritance case was treated by [11] where authors reproduce the hierarchy found in the conceptual data model in the taxonomy of the ontology. Concerning the many-to-many relations with attributes, they were supported by the transformation rules of some methods [9], [10], [11], [17]. The n-ary relation is a difficult case, because only binary relations between classes can be represented through object properties in the ontology.…”

“…The n-ary relation is a difficult case, because only binary relations between classes can be represented through object properties in the ontology. However, some works [9], [10], [17], [18], [19] propose solutions to represent n-ary relations in OWL ontologies. In [10], [17], [18], [19], authors create a class for the bridge table related by two object properties mutually inverse.…”

“…In [10], [17], [18], [19], authors create a class for the bridge table related by two object properties mutually inverse. The method [9] uses AllValuesFrom restrictions to link the class corresponding to the bridge table, with the classes that correspond to the participating tables to the n-ary relation. This solution is more representative than the first one, because the existence of a record in the bridge table is conditioned by the existence of records in tables that participate to the n-ary relation.…”

Local Ontologies for Semantic Interoperability in Supply Chain Networks

“…D2OMapper follows a set of predefined heuristic rules, based on the conceptual correspondences between the schema and ontology. This work is based on the authors' experience in developing ER2WO (Xu et al, 2004) tool for translating ER schema into OWL ontology.…”